Confucius Paper :: essays research papers

According to tradition, Confucius was born in the state of Lu (present-day Shandong Province) of the noble K'ung clan. His original name was K'ung Ch'iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty, but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. During the four years immediately after his marriage, poverty compelled him to become a sevant for the chief of the district in which he lived. His mother died in 527 BC, and after a period of mourning he began his career as a teacher, usually traveling about and instructing the small body of disciples that had gathered around him. His fame as a man of learning and character and his reverence for Chinese ideals and customs soon spread through the principality of Lu. Living as he did in the second half of the Zhou (Chou) dynasty (1027?-256 BC), when feudalism degenerated in China and conspiracy and evildoing were constant, Confucius deplored the contemporary disorder and lack of moral standards. He came to believe that the only remedy was to convert people once more to the principles of the sages of antiquity. He therefore lectured to his pupils on the ancient classics. He taught the great value of the power of example. Rulers, he said, can be great only if they themselves lead free lives, and were they willing to be guided by moral principles, their states would sure become prosperous and happy. Confucius had, however, no opportunity to put his theories to a public test until, at the age of 50, he was appointed magistrate of Chung-tu, and the next year minister of crime of the state of Lu. His administration was successful; reforms were introduced, justice was fairly dispensed, and crime was almost eliminated. So powerful that Lu became the ruler of a neighboring state maneuvered to secure the minister's dismissal. Confucius left his office in 496 BC, traveling about and teaching, vainly hoping that some other prince would allow him to undertake measures of reform. In 484 BC, after a fruitless search for an ideal ruler, he returned for the last time to Lu. He spent the remaining years of his life in retirement, writing commentaries on the classics. He died in Lu and was buried in a tomb at Ch'Ã ¼-fu, Shandong.

How Fashion Effects Today’s Society

Fashion has been a major part of our society for hundreds of years. In most societies, years ago, the way an individual dressed may have identified their social class, political standing, or maybe even their respective age group. Fashion has evolved so rapidly over the years, from the zoot suit in the 30’s, to the bell-bottoms and Afros of the 70’s, and finally to the Mohawk and skinny jeans worn by individuals today. However, has fashioned evolved for the better? Fashion has been used as a way to establish a type of individualism and set a person aside from others.Because fads have evolved so rapidly over the years in unique and bizarre ways due to today’s media, they have been unaccepted in today’s society. During a classic discussion of fashion change by George Simmel, a major German sociologist says that, â€Å"fashion was nothing more than a process of imitation. † (Johnson, 2003). This process leads to equalization and ultimately the need to f urther differentiate ones self. â€Å"The innovation of fashion derives from the privileged social classes from those found underneath.† (Johnson, 2003).Simmel proposes that, â€Å"the more elite social class plays a major role in the change in fashion with the â€Å"trickle-down† theory regarding fashion. † (Johnson, 2003). However, in today’s society the media plays a very specific role in pinpointing the trends and styles considered as today’s fashion. People in today’s society, mainly the younger crowd, thrive for a sense of belonging and acceptance. Teenagers view a music video, flip through a magazine, and see an artist or actor portraying a certain image.They immediately want to emulate those images to fit in with society and be accepted by their peers. Some of us can relate to having been young at one point and wanting to buy the newest shoes that our favorite basketball player put out. According to a Speaking of Fashion article, â⠂¬Å"public appearances have been encoded in a panoply of theories concerning topics dealing with morality, individuality, and the relation of appearance to deeper character traits. † (Reference and Research, 2010).The way someone is dressed can affect the likelihood of that person getting chosen for a job. â€Å"The way you dress can discredit a particular event. † (WordPress Admin, 2008). Fashion has become such a major factor in today’s society on so many levels. â€Å"Fashion can effect the way people are perceived by others, especially when it comes to meeting an individual for the first time. † (WordPress Admin, 2008). In this new world, people don’t get a second chance at a first impression.As discussed in the previous paragraphs fashion is amongst one of the things people look at when making  an impression or wanting to appear a certain way in the eyes of others. Fashion has it’s own lifecycle and will eventually make full circle thr oughout the years. What keeps fashion alive are celebrities such as music artists and actors. When the public sees the way these individuals dress their styles are often duplicated from the East Coast to the West and back. When going to a job for an interview we imitate the dress code of the company and wear something to adapt to our surroundings of what the job position is.

The Family Is The Backbone Of Society And Government

Debate Paper – It Takes a Family The family is the backbone of society and government. They are there when we need them most. It is important to protect the family from intervening causes. The sanctity of the family is important because it helps humanity become better people by teaching them to care for others. Our families teach us unity, humbleness, love, appreciation and understanding. Whether you are born into a family or you choose your family, you are part of an everlasting team. Children play an important role in the growth and advancement of society. The stronger the families in our society, the stronger our government is. If government intervenes in the family, then we are not free. â€Å"The family is at risk because of the government and is facing many challenges. Washington today claims to be progressive and making our lives better by trying to convince us that, with enough of the taxpayers’ money and enough bureaucratic control, we can correct all that is wrong with humanity.† (pg. 105). Marriage out of wedlock is a problem. It is important that a child has a two parent family. This does not mean that we will shun those that do not meet this criterion. It means that we need to guide our youth in the right direction. The government needs strong, intact families in order to succeed. Liberals tend to downplay the importance of this ideal family, but at the same time they are â€Å"justifying expanding government in the name of the children. Invoking the children is a lotShow MoreRelatedLong Island Ny, Nassau County905 Words   |  4 PagesLong Island NY, Nassau County Nassau County is a cosmopolitan society with different people from various demographical features. The most recent population census pegged the population at approximately 1,361,350 people (www.census.gov/quickfacts). Thus, it is safe to conclude that the population is slightly over 1.3 million people who have diverse cultural features or backgrounds. It is important to note that 76% of the total population is comprised of whites alone that are roughly 1,034,626 of theRead MoreEssay Underdevelopment of Africa635 Words   |  3 Pagesbecause the economic sector controls all other aspect of the society. Underdevelopment in Africa is as a result of many contributing factors which include poverty, illiteracy, very large extended families, corruption and lack of accountability. Poverty is one of the causes of underdevelopment in Africa. Unfortunate events such as slave trade, wars and other bad incidents. After wars people lose their belongings, properties and even family members. they do not have shelter, food to eat or other basicRead MoreNeo-Nazism Essay547 Words   |  3 Pages Neo-Nazism Nazism might seem a distant memory to some in the modern day, but it still bubbles beneath the surface of our so-called civilised and accepting society. Nazism is currently seeping to the face of our civilization but under a different guise - Patriotism. There are many organisations hiding under the same disguise, but very few are brave enough to declare themselves openly racist. Currently, the main political leaders in this field are the British Read MoreThe Social And Economic Aspects Of Labor Overseas1522 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic aspect. Worker exploitation has always been present in societies all over the world, but more specifically in third world countries as of late. 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We welcome them into our homes, neighborhoods, sc hools, businesses, and allow them to infiltrate every corner of society. The pushers and enforcers that feed our addiction to big-government money, exhibit many of the same traits and tactics as drug dealers. The idea of gettingRead MoreGeorge Washington And The Era Of The American Revolution1569 Words   |  7 Pages A Freemason is â€Å" a member of a major fraternal organization called Free and Accepted Masons or Ancient Free and Accepted Masons that has certain secret rituals†. George Washington was one of the American elites to join the Freemasonry society, their intentions weren t to better themselves but to mimic the â€Å"English gentill behavior†, even though the organization actually ending up contributed to the development of the American Revolution. Through the start of this organization George WashingtonRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The Constitutional Struggle1114 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Hobbes was born April 5, 1588 in Malmesbery. His father left the family in 1604 and never returned. Hobbes was then raised and educated by the support of his uncle. His younger years of education were received through local schools while his college education in the classics was received from Magdalen Hall, University of Oxford. After he received his education, Thomas Hobbes became the tutor of William Cavendish in 1608. Two years after becoming his tutor, Cavendish and Hobbes travelled toRead MoreClass Reflection Paper1426 Words   |  6 Pagesprosperity achieved through hard work is the first notion expressed in the definition for the American dream. However, it is incorrect due to the American system making it difficult for certain groups of individuals, mostly minorities, from advancing in society not matter how hard they work. Social class plays a significant role in an individuals advancement, because the lower a person is in social class the more challenging it is to encounter upward mobility. Social classes are categorized by annual wealth

The Success Of The 1920s - 1495 Words

The 1920s was a time of prosperity and new ideas that challenged the social norm and began the movement into modernism that we know of today. The economy was still coming off of the First World War and tax policies were creating an economic boom with the increase of discretionary income. The United States was in a scary position on what to do after coming home from such a brutal war that was going to end all wars. The young generation brought out the best in people and challenged the intellect of many bright minds that had the solid traditionalist views with the new fast paced modernistic thoughts. The 1920s were a time of growth and led the United States and the modern views came quick and made a lasting impact. Movies were becoming one of the biggest businesses during the 1920s and most people would spend their leisure time going to the theatre to watch the silent films. They were becoming huge in the popular culture and Hollywood was the place to be. Roughly by 1922, 40 million pe ople a year in attendance over the entire country for the movie theatres and in 1930 over 100 million people would attend the movies every year. By 1927, the movie industry became the fourth largest industry in the country. â€Å"The Great Train Robbery† which was released in 1903 was the beginning of the film industry and would eventually change everything. â€Å"Jazz Singer† was the first movie that had synchronized sounds throughout the entire film. The popular genres during this decade were western,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Success of The League In The 1920s1434 Words   |  6 PagesSuccess of The League In The 1920s To determine whether the League of Nations was a success we need to know what it aimed to achieve and to what extent were they achieved. 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A Controversial Issue On The Australian Government And...

Negative gearing is a controversial issue and has been a hotly contested debate amongst the Australian government and Reserve Bank. In my opinion, negative gearing should neither be abolished nor stay the same. Instead, we need a tax reform of this policy. In doing so, there should be a limit as to how much loss a taxpayer can deduct from his negatively geared investment property. This limit should be no larger than one’s assessable income. This way, bias towards investments producing capital gains over income would be reduced. In addition, this deduction should be offset against a taxpayer’s rental instead of assessable income. Concept of negative gearing and relevant income tax provisions Negative gearing arises when an asset is†¦show more content†¦According to s6-5(1) , assessable income includes ordinary and statutory income. S8-1(1)(a) allows a taxpayer to deduct any losses incurred in producing assessable income. Taxpayers with negatively geared investment property would be able to deduct their net rental losses from their assessable income as rental income constitutes ordinary income arising from property; Adelaide Fruit and Produce Exchange Co Ltd v DFCT (1932) 2 ATD 1. Other fully deductible expenses include interest on an investment loan for an income producing purpose along with ongoing repairs and maintenance. Income tax consequences of selling property Assuming that the investment property has not been of main residence to the taxpayer, exemptions stated in s118-110(1) will not entitle the taxpayer to the full capital gains tax (CGT) discount as the dwelling has been used to produce assessable income. Based on s108-5(1)(a) a property is considered a CGT asset. CGT event A1; selling of property would be considered disposal of a CGT asset under s104-10(1). Disposal of property would result in a capital gain or loss calculated by sale of property less the asset’s cost base, which would make a taxpayer liable for CGT. The cost base under s110-25 of an asset is calculated as the sum of the purchase price plus incidental, ownership and title costs less government grants and depreciable items. Capital losses can be offset against capital gains, reducing the

Model-Based Design and Development

Question: Describe about the Model-Based Design and Development. Answer: Introduction In the field of robotics as well as artificial intelligence, Robot table tennis is a challenging domain. Based on the concept of robotics, it requires reliable perception as well as control regarding artificial intelligence [8]. It needs fast decision making in order to determine the best motion to hit the ball. In the year 1988, the first robot ping-pong player is presented who is capable of participating against humans as well as machines. This paper focuses on modeling human motor skills such as Table tennis, which has the fundamental works of complex tasks and it needs precise control. It provides the aims and objectives of the model-based design and development of table tennis training robot. This paper reviews four articles based on the research study. Research methodology is given to identify the methods used to propose the technical approach and prepare a plan of the research. Aims of the Study The aim of this research study is to model and develop the design of a table tennis robot to play in the environment. It is required to become familiar with the different approaches, which enables the robot to adapt to the task and improve the performance. Objectives To identify the four stages of table tennis ball rally To innovate a low price table tennis robot with a distinctive control system To develop a new design and concept to solve the design problems of table tennis robot To identify the use of Reinforcement Learning which enables the robot to improve the performance To become familiar with the Mixture of Motor Primitive framework Literature Review Playing in table tennis is a vital and demanding task for the robots as the robots have deficiencies to perceive the environment to the hardware limitations that limit the actions [3]. In most of the research problems, robot table tennis is used as the standard task for high-speed vision as well as fast movement generation. The robots require a repertoire of actions to cover the potential hitting points in the entire workspace [7]. The biometric robot player employs three actions such as duration, amplitude as well as ultimate goal position. As the robots are faster as compared to human beings, then the robot player suffers from hardware limitations such as torque as well as acceleration limits [9]. Four stages are categorized during playing of expert players such as: Awaiting stage: The ball progresses towards the rival who strikes it reverse towards the opponent. At this stage, the racket goes downwards [8]. At the consummation stage, the racket will be on the flat parallel to the table plane. Preparation stage: In this stage, the ball comes towards the player; it has as of now conceded the opponent as well as strike the table. The racket moves in reverse to compose to hit. Hitting stage: The ball moves towards the point where the buyer catches it [8]. The racket goes towards the ball until it hits in a roundabout expansion. Finishing stage: At the last stage, the ball is on the arrival way towards the adversary though the racket moves upwards to the halting position. Figure 1: Four Stages of Table tennis ball rally (Source: [8]) From the four stages, it is seen that the robot gains sufficient time to initiate as well as execute a hitting movement, where the robots anticipate about the intention of the human opponent [3]. The prediction of the intention of the human opponent is realized by modeling the intention directs the dynamics of hitting movements. In the scenario of table tennis training robot, the Intention-Driven Dynamics Model (IDDM) leads to an online algorithm that gives a time series of observations and predicts the target and intention of the human player [7]. However, the robot needs some certain period in order to execute its hitting movement. In any sports, there are two players to play the game but if one player feels to play but other may not [10]. In order to overcome the uncertainty, it has designed a table tennis robot. It has a single degree of freedom. The robots used to throw the ball automatically within the time interval of 1 second where the players play against the robot. Existing table tennis robot is designed using a microcontroller as well as a programming unit [6]. In order to reduce the cost as well as complexity, a ping-pong robot is designed using mechanical parts. Toward the start of each stage, an engine primitive requires being picked taking into account the environmental stimulus. These primitives establish the order as well as the moment of the muscles contraction [4]. Sensory information is required to modify the motor primitives in order to generate rapid corrections due to change in environmental demands recognized in the table tennis. [2] used an innovative state automation to represent the computational realization of the model. In order to understand the four phases of table tennis ball rally, the table tennis system detects the presence of the ball as well as senses its position pb. By utilizing the advancement technique approach, the issues of learning robot abilities are ordered as the robots begins with unique preparing information set accomplished from the exhibits from which it ponders an underlying arrangement [3]. The first goal of this method is to accomplish by imitation learning as well as the second goal is to require rei nforcement learning. Therefore, learning of model has required for improvement the execution. Research Methodology Proposed Technical Approach Model based design is used for development of dynamic systems such as control systems. In this design, system model is used to develop through three stages such as design, implementation as well as testing. With Simulink, the user moves towards idealized linear models to realistic non-linear models. Simulink provides a graphical editor to build models such as block diagrams [9]. As the models are hierarchical, therefore it is build using both top-down as well as bottom-up approaches. In order to define the model, mathematical integration models are used by interactively in Simulink [5]. The use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables the robot in order to adapt to the task, improves the performance while it requires very less domain knowledge. The combination of the Reinforcement Learning with the imitation learning enables the human users in order to provide domain knowledge to the RL algorithm [1]. The experts on the task provide the domain knowledge if they have less expertise in t he robotics [8]. Imitation learning relies on the inverse reinforcement learning while the RL users different dynamic framework in the robot table tennis that is capable of returning the ball to a success rate of 94 percent. Once the hitting point of the ball is estimated, the decision module determines the hitting motion of the ball from parameterized hitting motions studied from human expressions [12]. The motion primitives are combined with a single motion, which depends on the circumstances such as the position of the ball as well as velocity and the pose of the robot. The weights are adjusted using the reinforcement learning [11]. A mixture of Motor Primitive framework is a novel approach that is evaluated in the approach of setting up of table tennis where the researcher can improve the performance of the player. Technical Progress Data In this research proposal, the secondary data is used. The data are collected from the four articles. In this research project, the research methodology plays an important role to build the framework for this research. The philosophy of the research refers to the nature of its reality that is investigated. The first approach that is the deductive approach helps to do the evaluation of different types of existing approaches with support to an analysis of data. Project Planning Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Activities in the work breakdown Model-based design and development of table tennis training robot 1.0 Selection of the research topic 1.1 Identify the research aims and objectives 2.0 Collecting data to research on the topic 3.0 Creating a layout of the research report 4.0 Preparation of review the four articles 4.1 Review the four stages of tennis ball rally 4.2 Study the Intention-Driven Dynamics Model 4.3 Review the designing process of Existing table tennis robot 5.0 Formation of research methods 5.1 Proposing of technical approach 5.2 Analyzing the technical progress data 6.0 Findings of the data 7.0 Preparation of final work Gantt chart Figure 2: Gantt chart for project planning (Source: Created by author) Conclusion It is concluded that the imitation, as well as reinforcement learning methods, use to take in wide assortments of engine aptitudes. It ranges from the easy errands such as ball paddling, dart games up to playing the robot table tennis. In this research report, the researcher evaluated some proposed framework with human-robot table tennis games, in which the bottleneck has a limited amount of time for the robot to execute the hitting movement. Movement initiation requires an early conclusion on the type of action such as forehand as well as backhand movement before the opponent strikes the ball. The design of a smart ping-pong robot overcomes the problem faced by other roots, which are designed in the electronic platform. This robot gives high performance with low cost as compared to other robots. Since the design is in the mechanical platform. Therefore the problem occurs in electronic platform should be avoided. References [1]P. Du, "Application of Mechanical Analysis in Table Tennis Flight Simulation Based On the Differential Model",Information Technology J., vol. 12, no. 14, pp. 2990-2994, 2013. [2]J. Zou, Q. Liu and Z. Yang, "Development of a Moodle course for schoolchildrens table tennis learning based on Competence Motivation Theory: Its effectiveness in comparison to traditional training method",Computers Education, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 294-303, 2012. [3]R. Ma and H. Xing, "Table Tennis Training Intelligent Assessment System Based on Placement Identification",AMM, vol. 440, pp. 341-345, 2013. [4]X. Zhang, "Design and Manufacture of a Forehand Attack Exercising Device for Teaching and Training of Table Tennis",AMM, vol. 509, pp. 96-100, 2014. [5]Y. Chen, "Development of a Two-Dimensional Laser Array Sensor to Detect the Ball Location for Table Tennis Training",adv sci lett, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 257-261, 2012. [6]Z. Wang, A. Boularias, K. Mlling, B. Schlkopf and J. Peters, "Anticipatory action selection for humanrobot table tennis",Artificial Intelligence, 2014. [7]K. Mulling, J. Kober, O. Kroemer and J. Peters, "Learning to select and generalize striking movements in robot table tennis",The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 263-279, 2013. [8]H. Koppula and A. Saxena, "Anticipating Human Activities Using Object Affordances for Reactive Robotic Response",IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 14-29, 2016. [9]J. Li, X. Chen, Q. Huang, X. Chen, Z. Yu and Y. Duo, "Designation and Control of Landing Points for Competitive Robotic Table Tennis",International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, p. 1, 2015. [10]R. Silva, F. Melo and M. Veloso, "Towards table tennis with a quadrotor autonomous learning robot and onboard vision",In Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 649-655, 2015. [11]L. WANG, J. CAO and C. HAN, "Superquadrics Model-based 3D Object Localization Algorithm",Robot, vol. 35, no. 4, p. 439, 2013. [12]L. Hantrais, "Methodological pluralism in international comparative research",International Journal of Social Research Methodology, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 133-145, 2014.

Obama rhetorical analysis Essay Example

Obama rhetorical analysis Paper Rhetorical Analysis Essay President Obamas 2009 Inaugural Address In January of 2009 President Barack Obama addressed his country for the first time as president of the United States of America. Not only did he address his nation but he left them with a sense of empowerment. With the use of rhetoric, Obama and his speech writers were able to greatly influence their audience. In the speech as a whole, Obama used anaphora with the word our. This was not only a good move from a political standpoint but also from a strategic standpoint. By using the word our it portrays this idea that we are all in this together. It gives the viewer an empowering feeling and makes them feel as if they are and equal to Obama. It also gives the idea that Obama is one of us and has no sense of credibility or higher value just because he is the president. He is trying to play off of this average Joe persona. He opens his speech by saying he is humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed. By saying this he is trying to show the people how he is a own to earth man and is not of greater quality no worth than any other man or woman in our nation. We will write a custom essay sample on Obama rhetorical analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Obama rhetorical analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Obama rhetorical analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This also creates an example of ethos. By being relatable and not too full of himself, he portrays himself as this character that is Just like everybody else. He later goes on to say, To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. This is an example of pathos. By saying this he is creating a connection and establishing an emotional bound with foreign ountries. He goes on to say, Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing Pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions. This is an example of alliteration. By using one word after another that have a strong p sound providing a forceful delivery that rolls off the tongue. Finally Obama uses logos when he talks about how the United States cannot prosper if only the prosperous prosper. Along with the alliteration of the word prosper this gives a sense of entitlement to the lower and middle classes. Obama ran his whole campaign on he idea of not letting the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. By saying this he relates to the lower and middle class when past presidents have failed to do so. Obamas 2009 inaugural address addressed many topics by using rhetoric. Throughout many uses, President Obama was able to make the people of the nation feel included for once and made them feel like he was on their side. By doing so he gained many supporters and made many people have faith in him in his upcoming term as President of the United States. Obama rhetorical analysis By samralbovsky