Parens Patriae Definition and Examples

Parens patriae is a legal term referring to the power of the government to act on behalf of people who are unable to care for themselves. For example, the doctrine of parens patriae empowers a judge to assign or reassign custody of a minor child, regardless of the parents’ wishes. In practice, parens patriae may be applied as narrowly as representing the interests of a single child and as broadly as protecting the wellbeing of the entire population. Key Takeaways: Parens Patriae Parens patriae is a Latin term meaning â€Å"parent of the fatherland.It is a legal term that refers to government’s power to act as the legal guardian for people who are unable to care for themselves.Parens patriae is most commonly applied to cases regarding the custody and care of minor children and disabled adults. However, parens patriae is also applied in lawsuits between the states and in suits dealing with the wellbeing of a state’s entire population, e.g. environmental concerns or natural disasters. Parens Patriae Definition Parens patriae is a Latin term meaning â€Å"parent of the fatherland.† In law, it is the power of the government—through the courts—to intervene on the behalf of individuals or groups of individuals who are unable to represent their own interests. For example, children and disabled adults who lack willing and able caregivers often require the intervention of the courts through the doctrine of parens patriae. Rooted in 16th century English Common Law, parens patriae was considered in feudal times to be the â€Å"royal prerogative† of the king, as the father of the country, to act on behalf of the people. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the term became more closely associated with the power of the courts to protect the rights of children and incapacitated adults. Parens Patriae Doctrine in the United States In the United States, parens patriae has been expanded by the courts to include the power of the state to act on the behalf of all of its citizens regardless of their age or health.  Ã‚   Precedence for this far broader application of parens patriae was established by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1900 case of Louisiana v. Texas. In the case, Louisiana sued to prevent Texas from using its public health quarantine regulations to prevent Louisiana merchants from sending goods into Texas. In its landmark decision, the Supreme Court acknowledged that Louisiana had the power to bring the suit as parens patriae representative of all of its citizens rather than any individual person or business. In the 1972 case of in Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co., the State of Hawaii sued four oil companies seeking to recover damages to its citizens and general economy resulting from price fixing. While the Supreme Court ruled that Hawaii could sue as parens patriae guardian of its people, it could do so only to force the oil companies to end their illegal pricing collusion, not for monetary damages. The citizens, said the court, would have to sue individually for damages. The Broader Applications of Parens Patriae In 1914, the U.S. Congress enacted the Clayton Antitrust Act, granting broad powers to the state attorneys general to file parens patriae suits on behalf of their citizens or corporations harmed by violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act. This broader application of parens patriae was tested in the 1983 case of Pennsylvania v. Mid-Atlantic Toyota Distributors, Inc. In this high-profile case, the Fourth U.S. Circuit Court in Maryland ruled that the attorney generals of six states had legal standing to act as parens patriae plaintiffs in a lawsuit to recover damages for their citizen who had been overcharged in a price-fixing scheme by a group of car dealers. The court reasoned that since the price-fixing scheme had violated federal antitrust laws, state laws, and state constitutions, the states could sue on behalf of their citizens. Since the states have thus been empowered to act as the trustee of the public, a growing number of parens patriae suits are being filed in cases involving the wellbeing of the general population rather than specific monetary damages. Often involving natural resource disasters, such as oil spills, hazardous waste releases, and the effects of climate change, the prevalence of parens patriae actions is likely to increase in the future. For example, in 2007, Massachusetts led a group of mostly East Coast states in suing to force the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate greenhouse gas emissions they claimed were causing rising sea levels due to global warming. â€Å"These rising seas have already begun to swallow Massachusetts’ coastal land,† stated the petitioners. In the resulting case of Massachusetts v. EPA, the Supreme Court ruled that the states had legal standing as parens patriae to sue the EPA. In April 2018, a coalition of 17 states led by California filed a preemptive parens patriae lawsuit against President Donald Trump over his proposal to rollback implementation of tougher national vehicle fuel economy standards established by President Barack Obama. In its petition, California called the EPA’s plan to weaken auto emissions rules an unlawful violation of the Clean Air Act. â€Å"This is about health, it’s about life and death,† former California Governor Jerry Brown said at the time. â€Å"I’m going to fight it with everything I can.† Sources â€Å"parens patriae.† Nolo’s Plain-English Law DictionaryHimes, Jay L.. â€Å"Two Enforcers Separated by a Common Mission: Public and Private Attorneys General.† The Federal Bar Council (2008).â€Å"Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency.† Ballotpediaâ€Å"Supreme Court: Heat-Trapping Carbon Dioxide is Pollution.† Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. (2007).Tabuchi, Hiroko and Davenport, Coral. â€Å".†California Sues Trump Administration Over Car Emissions Rules New York Times (2018)

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Its Worth in American High Schools - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1330 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Huckleberry Finn Essay Mark Twain Essay Did you like this example? Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little corner of the earth all ones lifetime. Mark Twain. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Its Worth in American High Schools" essay for you Create order This quote by Mark Twain himself holds a lot of symbolism for his book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, because they both encourage people to open up their minds as opposed to keeping the same thoughts their whole lives and even passing those thoughts down to their children. Some individuals may believe that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn should not be taught because they believe the language to be insensitive. However, because the powers of ignorance and intellectual and ethical challenges that Twain brings up in the novel are crucial to the education of current American high school students, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn should continue to be immersed in the young minds of Americas adolescents. Initially, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn encourages people to open up their minds. In the article Fight Over Huck Finn Continues: Ed School Professor Wages Battle for Twain Classic Professor Jocelyn Chadwick argues in favor of Huckleberry Finn. She states that, Sometimes we need something provocative because it will spark conversation. (Powell 2) By this she means that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn will start important discussions about sensitive topics that make people think. Without new thoughts, the human race would be stuck in an unpoppable bubble. In the comic White washed, by Matt Bors, Bors illustrates many novels all with a common theme: controversy. The cover of a classic novel, Lolita was shown with the caption of A slight revision, shes 18!. (Bors) This refers to the controversy around Lolitas age. This is similar to the idea of language revision in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because of the difference it makes to the point of the book. Sadly, some people , like the Pennsylvania chapter of the NAACP believe that the book should be removed from required reading lists in both high schools, and colleges noting that, What the NAACP has done is take up a posture that the book as written is not good for America. (Powell 2) This, however, could actually be damaging in itself. Chadwick remarks, Twain did not write a novel thats meant to make you feel good. (Powell 2) Chadwick touches again upon the point of the novel. During an NPR call, a caller (only referred to simply as James), comments, Is this still Mark Twain? And I think my first impulse was exactly correct, this is not Mark Twain. (Conan 2) His response is shared by many others. He shares it because he wants people to know that Professor Gribben (the guest on the show at the time) was attempting to shield people from these important conversation starters about race in America. Additionally, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn addresses the powers that ignorance can have. In an untitled cartoon, a man in a vest labeled PC makes a satirical comment in the caption. The caption reads, He was a mighty good African American man of color and celebrant of Kwanzaa, Jim was, said Huckleberry. (Associated Press) The point of this caption (along with a ingenuine, with a tinge of eeriness. The cartoon pokes fun at the idea of a perfect society in which everything is censored for political correctness. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Many people see Huckleberry Finn as a mischievous boy who is a bad influence on others. The Widow Douglas and Miss Watson try to sivilize(Ch. 3) Huckleberry by picking at him, stop his smoking, and in his mind, ruin his fun. He remarks, The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways; and so when I couldnt stand it no longer I lit out. I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again, and was free and satisfied. But Tom Sawyer he hunted me up and said he was going to start a band of robbers, and I might join if I would go back to the widow and be respectable. So I went back. (Ch. 3) They try to force him to become their stereotypical good little southern boy. The town was also ignorant to and disapproving of Huckleberry. The only time that the towns people are able to put aside their views of Huck was when there was excitement to be found, like when they all crowded on the steamboat to see if the cannons can bring Hucks body to the surface after he faked his own death. But this is only after he is presumed dead. They take on these views to follow society in its ignorance. Few of them would have cared about Huck before because they didnt know him and didnt want to know him. Finally, the intellectual and ethical challenges that Twain brings up in the novel are essential for young adults to interpret and would suffer if those texts were to be taken away. By focusing on Hucks education Mark Twain fine tunes other themes in the book related to race. As a poor, uneducated boy, Huck distrusts the morals and precepts of the society that treats him as an outcast and fails to protect him from abuse. This apprehension about society, and his growing relationship with Jim, lead Huck to question many of the teachings that he has received, especially regarding race and slavery. Huck chooses to go to hell(Ch. 31) rather than going along with the rules and follow what he has been taught by the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson. It was a close place. I took . . . up [the letter Id written to Miss Watson], and held it in my hand. I was a-trembling, because Id got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: All right then, Ill go to hell and tore it up. It was awful thoughts and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming. (Ch. 31) Huck bases these decisions on his experiences, and his own sense of rationalization. On the raft, away from society, Huck is especially free from the status quo, able to make his own decisions without any restrictions. He says We said there warnt no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft dont. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft. (Ch. 18) Through reflection, he comes to his own conclusions about race, money, and human behavior/ethics. By the end of the novel, Huck has learned to interpret the world around him using his own views, to distinguish malicious from pure. His moral development is sharply contrasted by Tom Sawyer, who is influenced by adventure novels and Sunday-school teachings, which he combines to justify h is ostentatious and potentially dangerous adventures. As things stand now, HF still sparks controversy in the minds of some Americans, but considering the important themes and elements that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn uses, it is a valuable work of American Literature for adolescent high school students. Works Cited The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain, 2008. Associated Press. Editorial Cartoons: Reaction to Censorship of Mark Twain; Did Samuel Clemens Know Huck Finn Would Kick up a Ruckus over a Certain Word? NJ.com, NJ.com, 9 Jan. 2011, www.nj.com/hudson/voices/index.ssf/2011/01/editorial_cartoons_reaction_to.html. Conan, Neil Publisher Edits Twain Classics To Remove Slurs. NPR, NPR, 5 Jan. 2011, www.npr.org/2011/01/05/132681463/publisher-edits-twain-classics-to-remove-slurs. Powell, Alvin. Fight over Huck Finn Continues: Ed School Professor Wages Battle for Twain Classic. Harvard Gazette, Harvard Gazette, 20 Sept. 2016, news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2000/09/fight-over-huck-finn-continues-ed-school-professor-wages-battle-for-twain-classic/ White Wash. Matt Bors, mattbors.com/blog/2011/01/10/white-wash/index.html.

Advertising And Its Affects On Children - 1090 Words

Advertising and its Affects on Children Advertising, for years, has been under criticism for the unethical messages they send out to, not only the public, but specifically young children. The effect of advertising on children’s minds is, and should be, a main concern for our country. According to Television Watching Statistics, kids in the U.S. watch an estimated 16,000 television commercials a year. Much deception can be cognitively consumed from that amount of advertising. Intense marketing affects people of all ages but targeting children is easier as it can mold a child’s mind and warp their desires. Everything from junk food, alcohol and tobacco products, unrealistic body types, to lack of impulse control can be instilled into a young, undeveloped mind which is why advertisers need to take responsibility for the content they publish. The day a toddler starts watching cartoons and fictional television shows, is the day that he or she becomes aware of the junk food t hat our world has to offer. Chain restaurants like Burger King and McDonalds team up with children television networks because they know kids will intently sit through the commercials. The Center for Science in the Public Interest said that McDonald’s was arraigned of deceptive advertising to children over the enticement of toys as a ploy to buy Happy Meals. Kids at such a young age don’t have the intellectual maturity to understand the persuasive intent that some commercials and magazine ads have on them.Show MoreRelatedThe Topic Of Advertising And How It Affects Young Children1756 Words   |  8 Pagesfindings on the topic of advertising and how it affects young children. Advertising of all types, including television commercials are large part of everyday life. Through commercials and other advertising, agencies and companies introduce their product or services to people of all ages, including young children. Many people do not realize these advertisements truly have a profound effect on the development of young children. Advertisers understand that reaching children through these advertisementsRead More alcohol and advertising Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages Alcohol and Advertising Throughout the history of television, viewers have raised many questions about alcohol advertising. Does advertising influence alcohol consumption? Does it has an impact on alcohol abuse or alcohol related disease and death? How is advertising affecting us? The goal of this essay is to collect evidence, both theoretical and empirical, that would address the question of whether advertising affects in any measurable manner alcohol consumption and mortality from alcoholism andRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1188 Words   |  5 Pagesadopted by children affect their mental and physical health. Studies have shown that there is a link between what children see in advertisements and the lifestyle choices they make. Studies also showed that children who viewed advertisements showing healthy eating were more likely to engage in healthy eating habits (Carter and Maria). There are large amounts of advertisements for foods and drinks high in fat and sugar. Many studies sho w that there is a link between childhood obesity and advertising. ThereRead MoreThe Government Should Exercise More Control And Limits On Advertising868 Words   |  4 Pagesshould exercise more control and limits on advertising that is aimed at children. Children are the leaders of the future and the children watch on average two or more hours of television a day. These are children’s most formative years. When children form ideas that prove to be substance of how they will think as adults. There are several reasons why advertising aimed at young children should be banned. Advertisers and marketers influence young children. Children are the future leaders of our world.Read MoreEssay about Effect of Television Viewing on Child Development952 Words   |  4 Pageseveryday lives. Children have begun to turn to television for their main source of entertainment .Television has its own good sides but research shows that the disadvantages of television watching for children outweigh the advantages. This is because it will affect children’s health, children’s educational development, children’s cognitive skill and also children’s behaviour. There are many negative health impacts of television watching for children. First of all, children who love to watchRead MoreThe Government Should Limit Advertising Aimed At Children876 Words   |  4 PagesThe Government Should Limit Advertising Aimed at Children The government should exercise more control and limits on advertising that is aimed at children. Children are the leaders of the future and the children watch on average two or more hours of television a day. These are children’s most formative years. When children form ideas that prove to be substance of how they will think as adults. There are several reasons why advertising aimed at young children should be banned. Advertisers andRead MoreThe Frightening Effects of Aggressive Advertising Targeting Children1386 Words   |  5 PagesFrightening Effects of Aggressive Advertising Targeting Children Modern society in the United States is driven by consumerism, advertising is key. For this reason companies have been increasingly targeting children in an effort to increase sales and loyalty to their brands. Brand loyalty is key to their future sales and greatly increases future revenues. For this reason large corporations have been studying and working with large advertising firms in an effort to capture children attention and curiosityRead MoreSocial and Environmental Factors Causing Obesity in Children809 Words   |  3 PagesIn recent years, rates of childhood obesity in the UK have remained consistently high and the percentage of children aged between two and fifteen years’ old classed as obese from 16% in 2008, to 19% in 2010. From what we know by World Health Organization, there were nearly 40 million children under 5 years’ old overweighed in 2010 across the world. Obesity is a medical condition that children who carry excess body fat accumulated which may have a negative impact on health. This problem is mostly causedRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Advertising And Its Effects On Society885 Words   |  4 PagesProducers use advertisement to sale their products. Society are using advertis as the use of communication and get a lot of informations from them. According to the writer â€Å" ...advertising, like any form of mass communication, can be a force for both good and bad. .† There are different types of advertisement, some of these affect peoples life and some of improve people’s of life. Although some believe advertisements can be a bad impact of society, advertisements is a very big guide and informationRead MoreChildhood Obesity Affects The Children s Emotional Health1717 Words   |  7 Pages especially in the United States. Obesity within children has become a concern because it can develop multiple health risks. Although some of the health risks can be treated, there are many that could follow them for a lifetime. Some of the health risks could be minor, but many of the health issues are deadly. Childhood obesity has been related to affecting the majority of the child’s main body systems. For example, childhood obesity could affect the pulmonary, muscular, skeletal, and cardiovascular

Caring for People with Additional Needs - 11935 Words

Year 13: Caring for people with additional needs AO1 Introduction In my AO1 ‘caring for people with additional needs’ portfolio I am going to provide and clearly display in great detail information and understanding of three causes of additional needs. I will do this by researching a range of sources to get in dept information. Then I will provide an explanation with great content of the effects on people who are in need of these services due to their additional needs. Finally, I intend to record in depth and show understanding of each stage of the care management process and evaluate how it is used to access, plan, implement, monitor and review individual care plans. Definition of disability â€Å"A physical or mental†¦show more content†¦(http://www.nhs.uk) Down’s syndrome (DS), also called Trisomy 21, is a condition in which extra genetic material causes delays in the way a child develops, both mentally and physically. The physical features and medical problems associated with Down’s syndrome can vary widely from child to child. While some children with Down’s syndrome need a lot of medical attention, others lead healthy lives. Though Down’s syndrome can t be prevented, it can be detected before a child is born. The health problems that may go along with Down’s syndrome can be treated, and many resources are available to help children and their families who are living with the condition. (http://kidshealth.org) Downs syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs in approximately 1 of 800 live births. It is uncommon in the UK, for example, from 2007 to 2008, 1,843 cases of Down’s syndrome were diagnosed during pregnancy, and 743 babies were born with the condition. Down’s syndrome affects about 1 in every 1,000 live births. Down’s syndrome affects all ethnic groups equally. Boys are slightly more likely (around 15%) to be born with Down’s syndrome than girls. (http://www.nhs.uk) The likelihood of having a baby born with Down s syndrome increases with the mother s age: |Maternal Age at pregnancy |Down s Syndrome Risk | |UnderShow MoreRelatedCaregiving For Older Adults1632 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"In fact, nearly 66 million people in the United States currently provide care, assistance and support for a family member who is elderly or who is living with a disability† (CICOA). There are also individuals who provide care and assistance for infants, children and household pets. There are formal and informal caregivers, a formal or family caregiver is defined as, â€Å"an individual, age 18 or older who provides unpaid care to family member or friend who need assistance with everyday activities† whileRead MoreNursing Practice And The Ethics Of Care871 Words   |  4 Pagesability of a nurse to combine the principles of caring and ethics, is perhaps the best medicine. â€Å"I’ve learned that people will forget what you said, forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.† Maya Angelou (n.d.) This article helps nurses to understand the importanc e of caring and ethics in patient care. Caring is defined briefly, Jean Watsons theory of caring is explained. In addition, Joan Toronto’s four phases of caring are exemplified in a patient case scenario.Read MorePersonal Leadership And Philosophy Style1574 Words   |  7 Pagesexperienced a great deal more about leadership styles. I now think I identify with a mixture of both the democratic style for the attributes aforementioned, as well as the affiliative style for the relationship-building, freedom, creative, and focus on people attributes of the affiliative style. This paper examines the evolution and refinement of my chosen style of leadership, the philosophy that embodies this style, and the theoretical framework that guides this style. Evolution and Refinement of LeadershipRead MoreDefinition And Philosophy Of Nursing882 Words   |  4 PagesConcepts Of Nursing: Nursing is in the Eye Of the Beholder Nationally, nursing has become one of the most flourishing and outstanding occupations in the medical field. Years ago, nurses were discriminated by people because they provided care for ill individuals, which was against social law. The term nursing has been generalized to helping others who are sick. However, nursing is more than an oversimplified definition. This paper will examine the role of nurse: interview of a nurse, nursing theoristRead MoreWhat is Nursing?885 Words   |  4 Pagesperspective, I think nursing is the act of caring, comforting, respecting, and disciplining caring for an individual. To begin, the first most important point of what â€Å"nursing† is caring. Care giving is one of the most essential parts in the health field because it helps people to regain their strength and to improve their health. Nurses are required to take proper care of their patients by helping them recover from their illnesses, prevent additional illnesses, and also help them remain and maintainRead MoreJean Watson s Theory And Philosophy870 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessional and personal qualities of an effective, successful, nurse. The Ten Carative Factors are the basis of the Caring Science Theory, and serve as a guide to use when caring. They are skills and qualities I hope to master, and also qualities I deeply admire in other nurses. Jean Watson’s theory and ideas can be helpful if applied beyond nursing to personal interactions between all people. The idea of nurses needing instruction in how to emotionally care for patients seems common sense, but almostRead Mor eMy Philosophy On The Delivery Of Holistic Nursing Care1411 Words   |  6 Pages For as long as I can remember I always had a desire to care for those in need, and I felt this ultimately led me to nursing as a career choice. I feel most rewarded when I am serving and caring for others, and my personal attitude is one that is centered on compassion and service. The term philosophy is said to be an analysis and concepts expressing fundamental beliefs. My philosophy of nursing includes the knowledge of medicine in combination with relational, compassionate care that respectsRead MoreLong-Term Care vs. Home Care1514 Words   |  7 Pageswill address a few of them in the following paper, like the financial aspects, psychosocial, and meeting the overall needs of our ever aging parents. Long-term care facilities are a traditional approach to caring for the elderly or chronically ill members of society. These facilities are set up in a couple of different ways to provide specialized care depending on a person’s need. The first point of our discussion is assisted living facilities. These are apartment type communities that specializeRead MoreThe Caring Attribute Of Nursing1481 Words   |  6 Pages The Caring Attribute of nursing Introduction Caring is the foundation of nursing. Caring attribute is the essential modules to provide patients with the best care possible. The caring attribute of nursing consist of 6 c’s but this essay will focus on four C’s (compassion, competence, commitment and confident). Compassion is the ability of showing empathy towards patient. Competence is having the knowledge to produce a successful care. Commitment consists of taking a pledge towards patientRead MoreEthical Considerations When You Are Caring For Children And Teens?828 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss ethical considerations when you are caring for children and teens? Nurses often encounter ethical and social dilemmas that affect individuals and families for whom they provide care. These situations may present more commonly when caring for the pediatric population. Nurses must know how to approach these issues in a knowledgeable and systematic way. Ethics involves defining the best course of action in a presented situation. Ethical reasoning is the analysis of what is morally right

The Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx - 1678 Words

The Communist Manifesto composed by Karl Marx in 1848 is noted as a standout amongst the most powerful political archives on the planet. The distribution of the book earned Marx the notoriety of a conspicuous humanist and political scholar. Regardless of his eminence, there are numerous discussions concerning the thoughts and ideas of socialism figured in the papers that are still heatedly faced off regarding even today. Marx (1998) opened the book with, The historical backdrop of all up to this point existing society is the historical backdrop of class battles. (p.4). He investigated the class contrasts and social imbalance between the Proletariats and Bourgeoisies, two terms he instituted to speak to social classes that don t possess the method for creation and social classes. Since The Communist Manifesto was delivered in a period of incredible social trouble, Marx s craving was to take out the crevice between the two classes keeping in mind the end goal to enhance the social, pol itical, and monetary states of the Proletarians. To accomplish uniformity, Marx urged the Proletarians to scheme against the Bourgeoisies to end the abuse of lower social classes and set up a revolutionary society where class qualification is a jump of creative energy. Nonetheless, his optimal required changes that a general public can t effectively adjust to and don t at last give uniformity. Marx s speculations were set up upon just class stratification and disregarded the numerousShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1044 Words   |  5 Pagesworld was forever changed when Karl Marx published The Communist Manifesto, the ideas of a stateless and classless society would inspire many, and forge the path that many nations would follow, and give rise to numerous conflicts throughout the 20th century. Karl Marx was born in Trier, Germany on May 5th 1818. During his early years he studied philosophy and law, in 1834 Marx had moved to Paris and had adopted a radical view of socialism known as communism. Marx met and became friends with aRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx1364 Words   |  6 PagesThe Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, has become one of the world s most significant pieces of political propaganda written to this date. The main contributor to the book was Karl Marx. Marx was born on May 5th, 1818 in Western Germany. When he turned seventeen he enrolled at the University of Bonn to study law. Due to his social misbehavior, his father had him transferred to the University of Berlin, which had a stricter regime. During this time at college, heRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1185 Words   |  5 PagesIn their work called The Communist Manifesto, which was created in 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are exploring their ideas and thoughts on the situation that was taking place in their time : the distinction that was more and more visible between two social classes - proletariat and bourgeoisie. The two authors are explaining how the bourgeoisie is exploiting the working class. They are encouraging the oppressed workers to rise and to confront this injustice in order to make their life betterRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx1094 Words   |  5 Pagesthe rich and the o ppressed would battle the oppressor. During the time â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† was written, we can see two distinct classes battling out as well. These two classes are the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. According to Karl Marx in â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†, the battle will end â€Å"either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes† (Marx 8). Marx argues that in the end the proletariat would remain because the bourgeoisie areRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1112 Words   |  5 PagesFail- Past, Present, and Future Karl Marx was born in Prussia in 1818. Later in his life he became a newspaper editor and his writings ended up getting him expelled by the Prussian authorities for its radicalism and atheism (Perry 195). He then met Fredrich Engels and together they produced The Communist Manifesto in 1848, for the Communist League. This piece of writing basically laid out Marx’s theory of history in short form (Coffin 623). The Communist Manifesto is mainly revolved around how societyRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx is undoubtedly one the the most influential and controversial writers in modern history; Robert Tucker, a noted political scientist at Princeton University, once asserted, â€Å"[Marx] profoundly affected ideas about history, society, economics, ideology, culture, and politics [and] about the nature of social inquiry itself. No other intellectual influence has so powerfully shaped the mind of modern left-wing radicalism in most parts of the world.† (9). Indeed, his innumerable works, in particularRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx is undoubtedly one the most influential and controversial writers in modern history; Robert Tucker, a noted political scientist at Princeton University, once asserted, â€Å"[Marx] profoundly affected ideas about history, society, economics, ideology, culture, and politics [and] about the nature of social inquiry itself. No other intellectual influence has so powerfully shaped the mind of modern left-wing radicalism in most parts of the world.† (9). Indeed, his innumerable works, in particularRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1453 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Communist Manifesto, a document that first proclaimed the ideology of communism itself, Marx declared that the â€Å"history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† (Marx, Karl and Frederick Engels). As a m an who spurred resentment of governments and inspired revolutionaries, Karl Marx is often regarded as a man who led to the rise of 20th century tyrannical dictators such as Stalin and Mao to take power. His ideas are regarded as failures and, by some, are seen asRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto993 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx published The Communist Manifesto in 1848, and with it a public warning to capitalists that the entire economic, social and political systems would soon crumble. His prediction continues by stating where society was headed as a result of bourgeoisie economics: a revolution by the workers and the eventual ushering in of socialism. Soon after Marx publicized the reasons communism would come to conquer capitalism, riots, strikes and general unrest surfaced in France – just as he predictedRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx (1818-1883), in collaboration with his benefactor and friend, Fri edrich Engels (1820-1895), founded the Marxist Theory. Both men were philosophers, however were referred to as revolutionaries. ‘The Communist Manifesto’, was written collaboratively by both Marx and Engels, as they explored the argument that â€Å"history and progress can be seen dialectically as societies shift from one mode of production to another†. This will be argued through a contextual account of Marxism, its development

Profile of a killer Essay Example For Students

Profile of a killer Essay During the last decade the world has witnessed a staggering elevation in serial killings. To give some insight into the scale of the problem posed by the serial killer, in the United States can be gained from examining the statistics for just one year. In 1989 (the last year for which detailed figures are available) there were 21,500 recorded homicides, of which some 5,000 are unsolved. Unofficial sources believe that as many as a hundred serial killers may be at large at any given time. Add to this the number of known victims of serial killers, then between 3,500 and 5,000 people are killed by serial murderers every year. (Lane and Gregg 3) These numerous multiple murders, often without consequence and justice, have shocked civilized society with incomprehensible acts of inhumanity. Horrific amounts of body counts and volumes of spilt blood accompany the discovery of each new serial killer. The indescribable events associated with each murder leave such unanswered questions as: what deviations lurk in the mind of a serial killer, what provokes an individual to commit such hideous acts, and what can be done to reduce these inconceivable murders? There are a set of variable elements, which distinguish the serial murder from the single-incident (normal) murder, the mass murder, and the spree murder. The mass murder can be defined as an act in which a single assailant kills a number of people during a short period of time in roughly the same geographical location. The spree murder can be defined as a multiple number of killings, which take place during a short period of time, hours or days. The serial murder exhibits five distinct sets of characteristics, which help distinguish it from the mass murder and spree murder. First, the killings are repetitive (serial) and often escalate over a period of time, sometimes years, which will continue until the killer is taken into custody, dies, or himself is killed. Second, the killings, like normal homicides, tend to be on e-on-one. Third, there is no, or very little, connection between the perpetrator and the victim. Fourth, although there may be a pattern, or victim trait, individual murders within a series rarely display a clearly defined or rational motive. Fifth, there is usually a high degree of redundant violence, or overkill, where the victim is subjected to an excessive level of brutality. Characteristics of a serial killer are imperative in demarcating the type of person capable of committing a serial murder. Most known serial killers are 25-35 years old (Falk 85). It is also significant that the victims of serial murderers are not concentrated in any age range (Falk 85). Serial killings are almost always committed by white males instead of blacks because class resentment is far more likely to occur to a person with a good education than someone without an appreciation of how society works (Falk 85). To truly understand the phenomenon of serial murder one must know what motivates a person to commit such a horrendous crime. Patterns of serial killing fall broadly into two categories of motivation: Extrinsic, where the impulse to kill is located outside the killers psyche-that is, he perceives a rational reason for murder in outside situations and events (Fox and Levin 12). More frequently the motivation is intrinsic to the psyche of the killer, whether or not that motivation is apparent to an independent observer (Fox and Levin 12). Closer psychological analysis of known cases indicates that serial murders fit into one of four main types according to the predominate homicidal motivation: Visionaries, Missionaries, Hedonists, and Power Seekers. Visionaries include killers who act in response to voices and alter egos, where instructions received serve to justify and legitimize the act of murder. David Berkowitz better known as the Son Of Sam is an example of a visionary who claimed that his delusional persecutions by demons were responsible for the shootings and killings of his 17 victims. I am the demon from the bottomless pit here on earth to create havoc and terror. I am War, I am death. I am destruction (Elliot and Leyton 151)! Missionaries are comprised of killers with a self-imposed nature, which feel responsible for purifying society by expelling its undesirable components. Peter Sutcliffe better known as the Yorkshire Ripper justified his slaying of 20 women with a warped perception that any woman out after dark must be a prostitute and should be eliminated in order to clean-up the world. A hedonist, a complex category where pleasure is the reward for murder, contains three sub-types. The first sub-type, lust killers, is probably the largest sub-section of serial killers for whom sexual gratification is the primary motivation and whose crimes most frequently exhibit a considerable element of sadism. Two examples of lust killers are Jerry Brudos and Douglas Clark. Jerry Brudos kept the foot of one of his victims in the deep-freeze to periodic ally take out and dress up with his collection of black stiletto-heeled womens shoes. Douglas Clark kept a victims head, which he cleaned and made-up with cosmetics in order to use it in sex acts. The second sub-type, thrill killers, achieve pleasure in the act of killing, although sexual abuse may take place, the motivation is not sexual gratification but the desire for an experience or a thrill. The third sub-type, gain killers, exhibit the comparatively rare motive among serial killers of personal, usually financial, acquisitions. Two examples John George Haigh, the Acid Bath Killer, and George Joseph Smith of Brides in the Bath both saw murder as a profitable business. Power Seekers desire to have control over the life and death of others to such a degree that it serves as an intrinsic motive to murder. A good example of a power seeker is Jeffrey Dahmer, who practiced cannibalism to have the ultimate control over his victims by bringing them alive in him. My consuming lust was t o experience their bodies. I viewed them as objects, as strangers Its hard for me to believe that a human being could have done what Ive done (Lane and Gregg 129). America has a pantheon of ghouls, where the bloodiest of villainies earns an insurance of immortality (Toufexis 64). The effects of serial murders are a devastating reality of life, yet are often unemotionally glamorized. These killers are incorporated into heroes and celebrated members of society for reaching the pinnacle of success in their fields. Recently, though, we have extended our celebration to what some consider our new antiheroes, those who have distinguished themselves in the worst possible ways (Fox and Levin 6). Such movies as Silence of the Lambs, Seven, and Copycat seem to fascinate the public instead of repulse and horrify it. Even children are subjected to these unethical murders through television, movies, magazines, and other media which display these killers as idols. Serial killer trading cards, whic h highlight such infamous criminals as Jeffrey Dahmer and Charles Manson, have been published and sell for ten dollars a pack. Comic books are read and T-shirts are worn with an insensitive sense of pride, which mock and trivialize the memory of each slain victim. The glorification of mass murderers has created a market for almost anything that they say or do (Fox and Levin 8). There have been two successful contributions, which assist investigators in the apprehension of serial killers. The first contribution was the formation of the National Academy of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Quantico, Virginia. The profiling team distinguishes between organized and disorganized killers based on general personality traits and are separated by clusters of personal and social characteristics. According to the FBI analysis, the personality of the killer is reflected in his behavior at the crime scene. The task of profiling involves drawing inferences from the crime scene to the behavio ral characteristics of the killer. Psychological profiles are designed as an investigative tool to identify a range of suspects, rather than to point precisely to a particular suspect, however, the profiles are not completely successful. The second apprehension device is the Violent Criminal Apprehension Program, VICAP, This program is a centralized data information center and crime analysis system (Levin 183). Once operational it is planned that any police agency, having an unsolved murder, will submit to the FBI Academy a thorough description of the case using a twenty-seven-page questionnaire. VICAP will then alert the crime analyst to similar cases nationwide. During my interview with Dr. James R. Metts, Sheriff of Lexington County S.C., he informed me of the procedures involved in the Shari Faye Smith and Debra May Helmick case. He noted that the Behavioral Unit in the FBI was extremely helpful in solving this case by giving us a psychological profile of the perpetrator and adv ising us on how to handle the media throughout the case (Metts). Americas fascination with serial killers is reaching an all time high-and may be fueling their deadly deeds (Toufexis 64-65). Serial killings graphic details in incomprehensible madness almost seem fictional, but the statistics reveal an alarming rise in these murders. Ignoring this terrifying fact will not make it disappear, only increase. The thought It will not happen to me is no longer logical due to the constant elevation of serial killings. These callous and meticulous killers are without prejudice or motive, leaving everyone susceptible. .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 , .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 .postImageUrl , .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 , .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0:hover , .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0:visited , .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0:active { border:0!important; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0:active , .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0 .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e30a8b53e1c56952e667c6634bc37f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sectionalism 1820-1860 Essay

Writing in the Discipline Relationship to the Ways of Knowing and Doing free essay sample

Writing in the discipline is founded on a relationship between knowing, doing, and writing. It is important that we understand the two categories creating disciplines: domains of knowledge and the ways of knowing. The domains of knowledge suggest declarative or conceptual knowledge and the knowing infers procedural or process knowledge. Michael Carter addresses this relationship in his article Ways of Doing, Knowing, and Writing in the Disciplines. Carter emphasizes that â€Å"writing is a way of knowing in the discipline†, meaning there is a link between the knowing inside our discipline and the ways of writing. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing in the Discipline: Relationship to the Ways of Knowing and Doing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is not incorrect in his argument that the ways of knowing and doing affect the ways of writing in the disciplines, but it can also be argued that the ways of writing and doing influence the knowing in the discipline. Based on that idea we must view the ways of writing writing as a chronological process involving the knowing and the doing as influencing the ways of writing. Rather, we must understand how they are interconnected within our disciplines. For example, Carter argues that the knowledge and ways of knowing in the science metadiscipline influence the ways of doing a lab and writing the lab report. My argument is that this relationship can also function in the opposite direction. The way of doing the lab and writing the lab report can influence the knowing in the discipline of science. The purpose of this piece will be to develop an understanding of how the ways of doing bridge the gap between the ways of knowing and writing inside or across disciplines. The University of Maine’s Persuasive and Analytical Writing course has been redesigned to emphasize this relationship between the ways of knowing, doing, and writing inside and across disciplines using a curriculum based on the concept of genres. The ENG 212 Syllabus helps us to understand that genres are â€Å"not simply ways of classifying types of cultural products; they are â€Å"social actions† (Miller 1984): recurrent textual forms that organize, shape, and transact activities: academic, professional, civic, and personal†. Professors of ENG 212 understood teaching the traditional essay wasn’t sufficient and created a curriculum focused on how specific genres of writing are not limited to the intended communities or disciplines. This concept of genres is useful for students not only because it establishes aconnection between writing, doing, and knowing but because it points to ways of doing across disciplines. Crowley and Stancliff explained this focus of genre choice amongst disciplines in their book, Critical Situations. â€Å"As individuals research, read, and write, they learn about the possibilities open to them as communicators, about the parameters of public discourse surrounding their chosen project focus, the most persuasive arguments circulating, and the history of the situation itself†(Crowley, Stancliff, 1). This idea emphasizes the argument that the ways of doing and writing influence the new possibilities of the knowing. Crowley and Stancliff also recognize that our commitments to our communities influence our genre choice. The commitment and community involvement represents the knowing and doing in the disciplines which initiates the ways of writing. ENG 212 teaches students that there is a connection between the ways we do, the knowledge we have, and the way we write. It is critical to recognize individual disciplines do impact the knowing, doing, and writing inside and outside disciplines, but also not one genre of writing is mandatory and various genres can effectively fulfill a goal across disciplines. As stated earlier, Carter emphasizes that the ways of doing connects the knowing the ways of writing in the discipline. His argument that the doing plays a central role in the conception of writing in the disciplines and that the disciplinary ways of doing is closely connected to the ways of knowing and writing. A concrete example within a discipline is an effective way to understand this connection. For example, a common exercise as a Civil Engineering major is a material testing lab. The material testing exercise is designed to engage engineering students in a procedural way of doing by which students understand the declarative knowledge, while also applying process practices. Thus, material testing is a way of doing that is aimed at a way of knowing. The way of doing is aimed at the knowing, but it is not until writing the lab report that it becomes knowing. This exemplifies the relationship among the ways of knowing and writing as a result of the ways of doing. Writing has a way of forming a better understanding or knowing of a discipline. This reinforces Carter’s argument that the doing connects the ways of writing and knowing in and across disciplines. The way of doing impacts the ways of writing in a discipline, and the writing forces us to ponder the doing which creates the knowing. The disciplines or communities individuals participate in create a specific way of doing. After interviewing Phil Dunn, director of the Engineering Technologies programs, I recognized that engineering students learn a set of skills that forces its student to use a procedural way of doing. This step by step mindset of the doing is established as a result of the requirements of our discipline. This way of doing in the disciplines also has a major influence on the ways of writing and knowing outside the discipline. The doing establishes a relationship that impacts both the writing and knowing in and across disciplines. Also, the knowing has an impact on the ways of doing and writing. These concepts are interchangeable; one influences the other depending on the situations individuals are faced with. Critical situations arise and individuals chose their ways of doing and writing based on the knowing. This relationship among knowing, doing, and writing is largely impacted by the conceptual knowledge and procedural knowledge of the discipline. The way of doing seems to be the common link between the knowing and writing in the disciplines. The crucial link to understanding the disciplines as a way of knowing, doing, and writing is to understand the ways of doing that characterizes the discipline. We now understand that the ways of doing, knowing, and writing are all interconnected whether inside or outside the discipline. The discipline or community individuals are a part of will influence the ways of doing across disciplines. The major argument is that the ways of writing or the choice in genre does not have to be specific within specific disciplines. Surely, there are genres common to disciplines but the discipline is not limited to only those genres. Based on the situation at hand, genre choices will change based on the doing, the knowing, and the commitments. Therefore, it is not the discipline that affects our choice in writing, rather it is the ways of doing and in part the ways of knowing that influence the writing. In conclusion, â€Å"the ties of writing, doing, and knowing should not be emphasized as writing in or out of the disciplines but as writing of the disciplines. † (Carter, 415)