The Success Of The 1920s - 1495 Words

The 1920s was a time of prosperity and new ideas that challenged the social norm and began the movement into modernism that we know of today. The economy was still coming off of the First World War and tax policies were creating an economic boom with the increase of discretionary income. The United States was in a scary position on what to do after coming home from such a brutal war that was going to end all wars. The young generation brought out the best in people and challenged the intellect of many bright minds that had the solid traditionalist views with the new fast paced modernistic thoughts. The 1920s were a time of growth and led the United States and the modern views came quick and made a lasting impact. Movies were becoming one of the biggest businesses during the 1920s and most people would spend their leisure time going to the theatre to watch the silent films. They were becoming huge in the popular culture and Hollywood was the place to be. Roughly by 1922, 40 million pe ople a year in attendance over the entire country for the movie theatres and in 1930 over 100 million people would attend the movies every year. By 1927, the movie industry became the fourth largest industry in the country. â€Å"The Great Train Robbery† which was released in 1903 was the beginning of the film industry and would eventually change everything. â€Å"Jazz Singer† was the first movie that had synchronized sounds throughout the entire film. The popular genres during this decade were western,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Success of The League In The 1920s1434 Words   |  6 PagesSuccess of The League In The 1920s To determine whether the League of Nations was a success we need to know what it aimed to achieve and to what extent were they achieved. Their main aims were: -To discourage aggression between nations -To improve living and working conditions -To encourage nations to disarm -To encourage countries to cooperate, especially in business and trade The first main aim of the L.O.N was to discourage aggression between Read MoreThe Culture of the 1920s in America Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s, often referred to as the Roaring Twenties, was a time of great change and a time of powerful enthusiasm in many areas of society. The world had just finished the biggest war in history, the First World War, and the United States was left almost unharmed by the war. The United States was able to experience a decade of peace and success following the war. During this decade, America became the wealthiest country in the world (Trueman, 2000). 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Prior to 1920 the curriculum had gone through a major change and higher education was no longer preparing students for the ministry but for leadership roles in communities. Still, a small percentage of citizens had the financial means and educational background to obtain this level of education. Over the course of the 30 years from 1920 - 1950 a paradigm shift becomes evident and colleges focus on two philosophical changesRead MoreEssay On The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1217 Words   |  5 Pagesdream is obviously still a dream today with the oppression, racism, and many obstacles standing in the way of success. However the US has made progress in recent years. In the 1920s, there was an incredible amount of obstacles in the way of success. One of the biggest being that if one was not a White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP), it was extremely hard for them to reach their goals of success. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald beautifully illustrates this concept with his main character Jay GatsbyRead MoreThe American Dream And The Roaring Twenties1336 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 11 9 March 2016 The American Dream and the Roaring Twenties The 1920’s was knows as the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz Age because of all the dramatic political and social change, more people lived in cities rather than farms, and the nation’s wealth doubled between 1920 and 1929. There were many new technological innovations and many factors that made the United States the place to be to find the â€Å"American Dream†. The 1920’s were known as the Roaring Twenties or The Jazz Age because of many thingsRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1196 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancements in technology created the first generation exposed to multiple forms of media and therefore created a more common exposure to distributed ideas. The political situation granted certain legislation and policies that allowed such fortune during the 1920’s. The nation saw a singular democratic president from 1892 to 1932, Woodrow Wilson. He easily won the election since ex president Theodore Roosevelt and incumbent William Howard Taft ran against each other and split the Republican vote. As presidentRead More Inventions of the 1920s Essay examples514 Words   |  3 PagesInventions of the 1920’s to 30’s Through out the 1920’s many inventions were created that altered human civilization. Transportation was successfully mastered. Radio communication was becoming more common and medicine was saving more and more lives every day. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In this year Henry Ford created the first affordable, combustion engine car called the Model-T. The creation of the Model-T changed the lives of every American. Vehicles were looked at as a way of freedom and

A Controversial Issue On The Australian Government And...

Negative gearing is a controversial issue and has been a hotly contested debate amongst the Australian government and Reserve Bank. In my opinion, negative gearing should neither be abolished nor stay the same. Instead, we need a tax reform of this policy. In doing so, there should be a limit as to how much loss a taxpayer can deduct from his negatively geared investment property. This limit should be no larger than one’s assessable income. This way, bias towards investments producing capital gains over income would be reduced. In addition, this deduction should be offset against a taxpayer’s rental instead of assessable income. Concept of negative gearing and relevant income tax provisions Negative gearing arises when an asset is†¦show more content†¦According to s6-5(1) , assessable income includes ordinary and statutory income. S8-1(1)(a) allows a taxpayer to deduct any losses incurred in producing assessable income. Taxpayers with negatively geared investment property would be able to deduct their net rental losses from their assessable income as rental income constitutes ordinary income arising from property; Adelaide Fruit and Produce Exchange Co Ltd v DFCT (1932) 2 ATD 1. Other fully deductible expenses include interest on an investment loan for an income producing purpose along with ongoing repairs and maintenance. Income tax consequences of selling property Assuming that the investment property has not been of main residence to the taxpayer, exemptions stated in s118-110(1) will not entitle the taxpayer to the full capital gains tax (CGT) discount as the dwelling has been used to produce assessable income. Based on s108-5(1)(a) a property is considered a CGT asset. CGT event A1; selling of property would be considered disposal of a CGT asset under s104-10(1). Disposal of property would result in a capital gain or loss calculated by sale of property less the asset’s cost base, which would make a taxpayer liable for CGT. The cost base under s110-25 of an asset is calculated as the sum of the purchase price plus incidental, ownership and title costs less government grants and depreciable items. Capital losses can be offset against capital gains, reducing the

Model-Based Design and Development

Question: Describe about the Model-Based Design and Development. Answer: Introduction In the field of robotics as well as artificial intelligence, Robot table tennis is a challenging domain. Based on the concept of robotics, it requires reliable perception as well as control regarding artificial intelligence [8]. It needs fast decision making in order to determine the best motion to hit the ball. In the year 1988, the first robot ping-pong player is presented who is capable of participating against humans as well as machines. This paper focuses on modeling human motor skills such as Table tennis, which has the fundamental works of complex tasks and it needs precise control. It provides the aims and objectives of the model-based design and development of table tennis training robot. This paper reviews four articles based on the research study. Research methodology is given to identify the methods used to propose the technical approach and prepare a plan of the research. Aims of the Study The aim of this research study is to model and develop the design of a table tennis robot to play in the environment. It is required to become familiar with the different approaches, which enables the robot to adapt to the task and improve the performance. Objectives To identify the four stages of table tennis ball rally To innovate a low price table tennis robot with a distinctive control system To develop a new design and concept to solve the design problems of table tennis robot To identify the use of Reinforcement Learning which enables the robot to improve the performance To become familiar with the Mixture of Motor Primitive framework Literature Review Playing in table tennis is a vital and demanding task for the robots as the robots have deficiencies to perceive the environment to the hardware limitations that limit the actions [3]. In most of the research problems, robot table tennis is used as the standard task for high-speed vision as well as fast movement generation. The robots require a repertoire of actions to cover the potential hitting points in the entire workspace [7]. The biometric robot player employs three actions such as duration, amplitude as well as ultimate goal position. As the robots are faster as compared to human beings, then the robot player suffers from hardware limitations such as torque as well as acceleration limits [9]. Four stages are categorized during playing of expert players such as: Awaiting stage: The ball progresses towards the rival who strikes it reverse towards the opponent. At this stage, the racket goes downwards [8]. At the consummation stage, the racket will be on the flat parallel to the table plane. Preparation stage: In this stage, the ball comes towards the player; it has as of now conceded the opponent as well as strike the table. The racket moves in reverse to compose to hit. Hitting stage: The ball moves towards the point where the buyer catches it [8]. The racket goes towards the ball until it hits in a roundabout expansion. Finishing stage: At the last stage, the ball is on the arrival way towards the adversary though the racket moves upwards to the halting position. Figure 1: Four Stages of Table tennis ball rally (Source: [8]) From the four stages, it is seen that the robot gains sufficient time to initiate as well as execute a hitting movement, where the robots anticipate about the intention of the human opponent [3]. The prediction of the intention of the human opponent is realized by modeling the intention directs the dynamics of hitting movements. In the scenario of table tennis training robot, the Intention-Driven Dynamics Model (IDDM) leads to an online algorithm that gives a time series of observations and predicts the target and intention of the human player [7]. However, the robot needs some certain period in order to execute its hitting movement. In any sports, there are two players to play the game but if one player feels to play but other may not [10]. In order to overcome the uncertainty, it has designed a table tennis robot. It has a single degree of freedom. The robots used to throw the ball automatically within the time interval of 1 second where the players play against the robot. Existing table tennis robot is designed using a microcontroller as well as a programming unit [6]. In order to reduce the cost as well as complexity, a ping-pong robot is designed using mechanical parts. Toward the start of each stage, an engine primitive requires being picked taking into account the environmental stimulus. These primitives establish the order as well as the moment of the muscles contraction [4]. Sensory information is required to modify the motor primitives in order to generate rapid corrections due to change in environmental demands recognized in the table tennis. [2] used an innovative state automation to represent the computational realization of the model. In order to understand the four phases of table tennis ball rally, the table tennis system detects the presence of the ball as well as senses its position pb. By utilizing the advancement technique approach, the issues of learning robot abilities are ordered as the robots begins with unique preparing information set accomplished from the exhibits from which it ponders an underlying arrangement [3]. The first goal of this method is to accomplish by imitation learning as well as the second goal is to require rei nforcement learning. Therefore, learning of model has required for improvement the execution. Research Methodology Proposed Technical Approach Model based design is used for development of dynamic systems such as control systems. In this design, system model is used to develop through three stages such as design, implementation as well as testing. With Simulink, the user moves towards idealized linear models to realistic non-linear models. Simulink provides a graphical editor to build models such as block diagrams [9]. As the models are hierarchical, therefore it is build using both top-down as well as bottom-up approaches. In order to define the model, mathematical integration models are used by interactively in Simulink [5]. The use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables the robot in order to adapt to the task, improves the performance while it requires very less domain knowledge. The combination of the Reinforcement Learning with the imitation learning enables the human users in order to provide domain knowledge to the RL algorithm [1]. The experts on the task provide the domain knowledge if they have less expertise in t he robotics [8]. Imitation learning relies on the inverse reinforcement learning while the RL users different dynamic framework in the robot table tennis that is capable of returning the ball to a success rate of 94 percent. Once the hitting point of the ball is estimated, the decision module determines the hitting motion of the ball from parameterized hitting motions studied from human expressions [12]. The motion primitives are combined with a single motion, which depends on the circumstances such as the position of the ball as well as velocity and the pose of the robot. The weights are adjusted using the reinforcement learning [11]. A mixture of Motor Primitive framework is a novel approach that is evaluated in the approach of setting up of table tennis where the researcher can improve the performance of the player. Technical Progress Data In this research proposal, the secondary data is used. The data are collected from the four articles. In this research project, the research methodology plays an important role to build the framework for this research. The philosophy of the research refers to the nature of its reality that is investigated. The first approach that is the deductive approach helps to do the evaluation of different types of existing approaches with support to an analysis of data. Project Planning Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Activities in the work breakdown Model-based design and development of table tennis training robot 1.0 Selection of the research topic 1.1 Identify the research aims and objectives 2.0 Collecting data to research on the topic 3.0 Creating a layout of the research report 4.0 Preparation of review the four articles 4.1 Review the four stages of tennis ball rally 4.2 Study the Intention-Driven Dynamics Model 4.3 Review the designing process of Existing table tennis robot 5.0 Formation of research methods 5.1 Proposing of technical approach 5.2 Analyzing the technical progress data 6.0 Findings of the data 7.0 Preparation of final work Gantt chart Figure 2: Gantt chart for project planning (Source: Created by author) Conclusion It is concluded that the imitation, as well as reinforcement learning methods, use to take in wide assortments of engine aptitudes. It ranges from the easy errands such as ball paddling, dart games up to playing the robot table tennis. In this research report, the researcher evaluated some proposed framework with human-robot table tennis games, in which the bottleneck has a limited amount of time for the robot to execute the hitting movement. Movement initiation requires an early conclusion on the type of action such as forehand as well as backhand movement before the opponent strikes the ball. The design of a smart ping-pong robot overcomes the problem faced by other roots, which are designed in the electronic platform. This robot gives high performance with low cost as compared to other robots. Since the design is in the mechanical platform. Therefore the problem occurs in electronic platform should be avoided. References [1]P. Du, "Application of Mechanical Analysis in Table Tennis Flight Simulation Based On the Differential Model",Information Technology J., vol. 12, no. 14, pp. 2990-2994, 2013. [2]J. Zou, Q. Liu and Z. Yang, "Development of a Moodle course for schoolchildrens table tennis learning based on Competence Motivation Theory: Its effectiveness in comparison to traditional training method",Computers Education, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 294-303, 2012. [3]R. Ma and H. Xing, "Table Tennis Training Intelligent Assessment System Based on Placement Identification",AMM, vol. 440, pp. 341-345, 2013. [4]X. Zhang, "Design and Manufacture of a Forehand Attack Exercising Device for Teaching and Training of Table Tennis",AMM, vol. 509, pp. 96-100, 2014. [5]Y. Chen, "Development of a Two-Dimensional Laser Array Sensor to Detect the Ball Location for Table Tennis Training",adv sci lett, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 257-261, 2012. [6]Z. Wang, A. Boularias, K. Mlling, B. Schlkopf and J. Peters, "Anticipatory action selection for humanrobot table tennis",Artificial Intelligence, 2014. [7]K. Mulling, J. Kober, O. Kroemer and J. Peters, "Learning to select and generalize striking movements in robot table tennis",The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 263-279, 2013. [8]H. Koppula and A. Saxena, "Anticipating Human Activities Using Object Affordances for Reactive Robotic Response",IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 14-29, 2016. [9]J. Li, X. Chen, Q. Huang, X. Chen, Z. Yu and Y. Duo, "Designation and Control of Landing Points for Competitive Robotic Table Tennis",International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, p. 1, 2015. [10]R. Silva, F. Melo and M. Veloso, "Towards table tennis with a quadrotor autonomous learning robot and onboard vision",In Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 649-655, 2015. [11]L. WANG, J. CAO and C. HAN, "Superquadrics Model-based 3D Object Localization Algorithm",Robot, vol. 35, no. 4, p. 439, 2013. [12]L. Hantrais, "Methodological pluralism in international comparative research",International Journal of Social Research Methodology, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 133-145, 2014.

Obama rhetorical analysis Essay Example

Obama rhetorical analysis Paper Rhetorical Analysis Essay President Obamas 2009 Inaugural Address In January of 2009 President Barack Obama addressed his country for the first time as president of the United States of America. Not only did he address his nation but he left them with a sense of empowerment. With the use of rhetoric, Obama and his speech writers were able to greatly influence their audience. In the speech as a whole, Obama used anaphora with the word our. This was not only a good move from a political standpoint but also from a strategic standpoint. By using the word our it portrays this idea that we are all in this together. It gives the viewer an empowering feeling and makes them feel as if they are and equal to Obama. It also gives the idea that Obama is one of us and has no sense of credibility or higher value just because he is the president. He is trying to play off of this average Joe persona. He opens his speech by saying he is humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed. By saying this he is trying to show the people how he is a own to earth man and is not of greater quality no worth than any other man or woman in our nation. We will write a custom essay sample on Obama rhetorical analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Obama rhetorical analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Obama rhetorical analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This also creates an example of ethos. By being relatable and not too full of himself, he portrays himself as this character that is Just like everybody else. He later goes on to say, To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. This is an example of pathos. By saying this he is creating a connection and establishing an emotional bound with foreign ountries. He goes on to say, Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing Pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions. This is an example of alliteration. By using one word after another that have a strong p sound providing a forceful delivery that rolls off the tongue. Finally Obama uses logos when he talks about how the United States cannot prosper if only the prosperous prosper. Along with the alliteration of the word prosper this gives a sense of entitlement to the lower and middle classes. Obama ran his whole campaign on he idea of not letting the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. By saying this he relates to the lower and middle class when past presidents have failed to do so. Obamas 2009 inaugural address addressed many topics by using rhetoric. Throughout many uses, President Obama was able to make the people of the nation feel included for once and made them feel like he was on their side. By doing so he gained many supporters and made many people have faith in him in his upcoming term as President of the United States. Obama rhetorical analysis By samralbovsky

Boundaries between Teachers and Other Professionals Essay Example

Boundaries between Teachers and Other Professionals Paper Explain boundaries between teachers and other professionals in lifelong learning Summarise your own responsibilities in relation to other lifelong learning professionals Within the 2003 workload agreement (Woodward and Peart, 2013) its explains the levels of work a teacher could reasonably expect but also defines the roles which would provide a framework of support to the teachers role. Though this applies to secondary education the principles can inform teacher roles in the lifelong learning sector. The principles include: a teacher must develop an awareness, understanding and professional respect of all the roles which support them in their effectiveness. In the Institute of Learnings Code of Professional Conduct is states that individuals respect the rights of learners and colleagues in accordance with relevant legislation and organisation requirement (wmw. nelcls. ac. uk, 2013). Regulations and Guidance under S133 of the Education Act 2002 (www. education. gov. uk, 2013) provides clear boundaries between the role of teacher to the learner. The interaction pupils have with a teacher is important as a lack of it, as research has shown may impact upon the learners learning (Webster, Russell and Blatchford, 2013). Within my role as an ICT tutor I will come in contact with many other professionals who will ultimately aim to best support learners through their development on the course. If it be by having direct or indirect contact with the learner, i. e the service manager guiding the tutor to deliver a course that meets the standards and objectives set out by the organisations mandate and policies. We will write a custom essay sample on Boundaries between Teachers and Other Professionals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Boundaries between Teachers and Other Professionals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Boundaries between Teachers and Other Professionals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As it takes many people to support the development of a earner, the role of collegiality and collaboration in local and regional areas from college support team, other teachers, my tutor coach, as well as support from agencies such as social services, awarding bodies, Ofsted inspectors is important. Acting professional at all times with these other professionals is also important to support the continuity of the service provided to learners. Below I will outline professionals whom I may come in contact with and how they may support my role and my responsibilities to them as professional. Peers/Colleagues The Admin eam are responsible for scheduling of rooms, bookkeeping (registration of pupils), communications, data entry, identifying learner support agencies such as welfare support and health agencies. My responsibilities will be to provide reports and necessary data regarding the participation of the learners (registers) and course development, Letter referral/ signposting. This can be achieved through, screening, initial assessment, diagnostic assessment, identify sources of learner support and learning support. Other teachers and tutor coach will observe me while I teach, will rovide feedback and where necessary give support. My responsibilities will be to accept constructive criticism, respond to guidance and seek support if required. Managers/supervisors lead the delivery and development of Adult education earning programmes, help develop its vision, strategic objectives and direction, and to participate fully in management planning, development and reporting ensure resource are in good order and administrative systems including Groundwork Health Safety, Equal opportunities and Child Protection policies are in place. My esponsibilities will be to maintaining accurate records of all learner information, organisational processes and procedures, quality assurance, professional conduct, ethics, confidentiality, respect, teamwork Awarding bodies internal/external verifiers provide an approval process for independent training providers like Newham adult education and then if they meet the criteria, the awarding body are able to award qualifications for the course that is passed.. My responsibilities will be to provide the assessment documents, tracking documents, student profiles. Ofsted Inspectors inspects or regulates quality of education opportunities to inspect a wide range of learning within a variety schools and institutions opportunity to inspect schools in diverse circumstances developing expertise in self-evaluation and school improvement, which can be used to benefit their own institution when the secondment finishes opportunities. My responsibilities will be to provide self- assessment reports; performance data (registers) Tracking grid, Portfolios and folders of students. External Agencies such as social services, drug and or alcohol abuse entres. These services provide support for people and work on a referral system. My responsibilities would be to ensure I have provided factual information to management the regarding the concerns of the student being referred, Identify support needs of learners. This can be achieved through, screening, initial assessment, diagnostic assessment, identify sources of learner support and learning support, observations and through discussion. Care taker Maintaining and up keeping a property, or building including preparing rooms for meetings and events nd monitoring air conditioning and heating levels in a building. My responsibilities to them be to ensure rooms were left in a suitable condition to when I arrived, air conditioning was returned to its normal temperature and to report any changes in use of the space will communicated as early as possible. However there may be boundaries between my role as a teacher and other professional that can impact me working with them to meet the needs of the learner. For example: If learner hasnt correctly completed an initial assessment or diagnostic assessment then it may be ifficult ensure that the learner is referred to the right agency for support. Alternatively there might not be the correct support available at other agencys to meet the learners needs i. e a translator. Ways to work around that is to encourage the learner to get someone they know to support them. Regarding the care taker, limitations to the times that the building can be access can be problematic, especially if a learner wishes to discuss a particular issue after the lesson that needs the tutors attention but they have to leave the building. This can be addressed by speaking with he learner in a quite space outside or if they can come in to the lesson early time to further discuss the issue then. Other boundaries may include: a lack of consideration for learners support, other professional agendas and organisations in their day to day work. Overall the above boundaries could be addressed via my own responsibilities in relation to other professionals. These would include maintaining accurate records of all learner information, organisational processes and procedures, quality assurance, professional conduct, ethics, confidentiality, respect and being a team player.

Sikh Ceremonies Like Birth Baptism Marriage And Death Religion Essay Essay Example

Sikh Ceremonies Like Birth Baptism Marriage And Death Religion Essay Essay Example Sikh Ceremonies Like Birth Baptism Marriage And Death Religion Essay Essay Sikh Ceremonies Like Birth Baptism Marriage And Death Religion Essay Essay All the Sikh ceremonials like birth, baptism, matrimony and decease are held in simple, cheap and spiritual tone. Every of import ceremonial is performed in the presence of holy Guru Granth Sahib. Of class, vocalizing of anthem, Ardas, or a formal supplication suited to the juncture, Hukamnama, or a random reading from the Guru Granth Sahib will be included as the order of the twenty-four hours. Distribution of Karah Parshad, or sacred pudding made from flour, butter, sugar and H2O, Langar is provided for all the invitees. Sikhs no longer seek approval from God and regenerate the spirit of devotedness and service. There are some of the major Sikh Ceremonies, Naam Karan ( Naming Ceremony ) , Dastar Bandi, Marriage Ceremony, Amrit Sanchar ( Baptism ) , Funeral/Death Ceremony, Gurpurbs and Sangrand. KhandaAfter the birth of a kid, if the female parent and the kid are in good wellness, they will travel to the Gurdwara with their relations and friends for the naming ceremonial. The Granthi or a senior member of the fold stirs H2O and sugar crystals in a bowl with a Khanda placed in forepart of the Guru Granth Sahib while reading the Mool Mantra ( the basic belief of the Sikhs and it begins the Sri Guru Granth Sahib ) and the first five poetries of the Japji Sahib . A few beads of this holy H2O are so put into the kid s oral cavity and the remaining is given to the female parent to imbibe. Hymns are recited or sun to bless the kid. Dastar Bandi This is a really of import event when a Sikh male child is ready to get down binding the turban. The Granthi will explicate why the turban is needed to be tied on the caput. Amrit Sanchar ( Baptism ) Baptism and matrimony are the most of import ceremonials in the life of a Sikh. It is in the signifier of a formal curse and induction ceremonial by which a Sikh becomes a true Khalsa ( purified or chosen one ) , and like the Christian at verification, acquires full rank of the Sikh brotherhood. As the ceremonial culminates in the imbibing of Amrit ( specially prepared sweet Holy H2O ) so the term Amrit-dhari Sikh is frequently used. However, a Sikh should merely take Amrit when he or she is mature plenty to recognize the nature of the duties he or she has chosen to accept. Marriage Ceremony The Sikh matrimony is called Anand Karaj which means the ceremonial of joy. The Sikh nuptials is held in the forenoon in a Gurdwara. The bridegroom will be dressed in all right apparels and accompanied by his household and friends. Then he reaches the Gurdwara Sahib where the bride s relations and friends receive them. After the Milni ceremonial ( close relations of the twosome garland each other in a spirit of good will ) and refreshments, everyone enters the Gurdwara fold hall where bride sits alongside the bridegroom confronting the Guru Granth Sahib Ji. A short supplication is said and so the nuptials ceremonial begins and the Ragees sing the anthem of Palla which is bridegroom s scarf. The bride s male parent gives the Palla into the custodies of bride which is symbolic of giving away the bride. This is followed by Lavaan , the nuptials ceremonial. It consists of four poetries. The first poetry is recited by the Granthi while the twosome sits. Then the Ragees sing the same po etry and the twosome walk gracefully clockwise around the Guru Granth Sahib the bride following the bridegroom. Same manner the other three poetries are recited. The six poetries of Anand Sahib ( the anthem of joy ) are so sung followed by the Ardas. Order of the twenty-four hours is read from Guru Granth Sahib Ji followed by the distribution of Karah Parshad. Lunch is provided by the bride s household. Normally a response is held subsequently in the eventide in a hall. Funeral/Death Ceremony Normally, this ceremonial is really simple. When a Sikh dies, the organic structure is first washed and dressed with new apparels. Then it is carried to the cremation land in emanation so appropriate supplications are said before the funeral pyre. After that, it is lit by close relations. In Britain a crematory built for this intent is used. Later, the cooled ashes will be collected and immersed into or presented to natural running water- a river. To finish the ceremonial, so either in the place or in the Gurdwara, the day-to-day reading of the Holy Granth begins. This takes approximately 10 yearss. When all the 1430 pages have been read, the concluding service is held. Relatives and friends gather to fall in in the concluding supplications. The Kara Parshad ( holy nutrient ) is served and the people disperse. This marks the terminal of bereavement. The Sikh Marriage The Sikh matrimony is non simply a physical and legal contract but is a holy brotherhood between two psyches where physically they appear as two single organic structures but in fact are united as one. The Sikh matrimony ceremonial is besides known as Anand Karaj intending blissful brotherhood . Harmonizing to Sikhism, when a miss attains adulthood, it is incumbent upon her parents to look for a suited lucifer for her. It is neither desirable nor proper to get married a miss at stamp age. The girl of a Sikh should be given in matrimony to a Sikh. If a adult male is a Sikh truster, is low by nature, and earns his staff of life by honest agencies, with him marriage may be contracted without a inquiry and without consideration for wealth and wealths. Sikh matrimonies are normally arranged. The people from other civilizations do non ever decently construe the word arranged . An ordered matrimony does non intend coercing adult male or adult female into marriage of parents pick merely. It is holding to marriage proposed by common treatment between the adult male s and the adult female s household. This is to choose the right spouse with the blessing of all. Most significantly, the adult male and adult female themselves must acquire to cognize each other to convey their consent to their parents. No Sikh matrimony is regarded as genuinely complete unless the bride and groom present themselves before the Holy Granth and are blessed by the Guru, every bit good as by the fold or the households present.

Data Communication and Networking Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data Communication and Networking - Term Paper Example The simplest goal to be achieved is the transfer of data. A computer network not only allows us for the faster means of data communication but it also helps in accessing programs, databases, and other software or tools that are distant from our approach. A simple network comprises of computers, network operating system software, cable (wiring) to connect the devices, network interface cards, switches and a router (Laudon, Laudon 299). Almost all the businesses nowadays use spreadsheets, word pads etc. to store their germane information which might also be needed by other departments of that companies and the interruption in transporting this information may cause some hindrances for the organization that might lead to ineffective and inefficient production. Connecting all the computers of that organization within and outside departments really helps a lot in increasing the competitive advantage of the organization as the data will be available on time. In addition, networking also helps in reducing the cost of saving work in different soft copies and hard copies since it allows the sharing of work. Networking is the buzz word these days. ...The data were stored on punch cards and they were the only source of transferring data from one computer to another. In 1960s multi-terminal mainframes were used which were pretty faster. Multiple users used to be connected through a single mainframe with a very good response time of the computers. This computing technique gave birth to the modern form of networking and the concepts of "client" and "server". "This model refers to the client-server relationship. The server is the one specialized powerful computer that provides the information that the client computers require. The client is the computer initiating the inquiry" (History of networking 1). Next, came the era of minicomputers.

Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Change Management - Essay Example Jesse Westerly was an articulate employee who took over her position as an assistant product owner at Kauflauf with high ambitions to transform the revenues of the organisation. She was very visionary on turning around the fortunes of Kauflauf since she had demonstrated the capacity and potential for achieving the targets and objectives from her previous workstation. Indeed, she was capable of taking charge of the new position since prior to assuming her roles as the assistant product owner, she had conducted an extensive research on the operations of the field consultants and realised the organisation had a market potential that had not yet been exploited. She also discovered that the sales consultants were spending considerable resources and time on lesser clients while spending fewer or none of more profitable and potential customers. It is from this notion she conducted her research and came up with the recommendation of changing the sales calls patterns. Conversely, Jesse was resolute and wanted to assume her position with a performance impact the reason she worked, on the findings to create to achieve her objectives. Based on the change management theory, changes initiated by an organisation should succeed if they originate from the leader (Cameron & Green, 2012). In other words, the change of leadership is the most reliable manner to institute changes in a firm. Therefore, it was prudent as an assistant product owner that Jesse thought of utilising her position as a leader to initiate changes to revolutionise the manner in which the field consultants worked to enhance efficiency and thus boost the overall returns of the company in the long run. Jesse was efficient in taking charge of her new position. However, despite the ideal change plans she had in mind for the business, she did not have a suitable implementation plan that would transform the project into an executable course of action to realise the

History wk 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History wk 12 - Essay Example They showed what other studies have shown, that there are spatial differences between men and women and that women are better in verbal skills. What I wonder, is whether these are different because of the way that children are trained. Do boy children tend to be trained to see things more spatially than girls are shown? Do women spend more time talking and by doing so, increasing their verbal skills? Is this why many men find talking about problems etc., too difficult because they have not been trained in that way? Schultz and Schultz (2008) suggest that that there is bias and discrimination still going on when people come together. In psychology, I have seen this become a problem, especially with some students who may be from the Middle East or other countries at times when the United States feels threatened. Although this may not be what we want to see in psychology, I think it still exists and that we need. The idea of gender intrigues me because today, there is so much going on w ith it. Some people are changing their genders, feeling they were born into the wrong one. There is an ongoing debate about whether gays and lesbians should be able to marry. Although this may not directly take a look at gender, it does apply in that often gays and lesbians transcend the gender they were born into. ... When I first came into this course, I had some idea of the various areas of psychology because I received them from different courses taken before this course. I think my personal view of psychology would be that it is the study of how people deal with the world around them. I believe that it is more than just a study of the mind, because there are so many different aspects of it. As an example, we brought up the idea of â€Å"The Secret† in this class and I believe that it is part of what people are studying today. Those who are following this are attempting to understand a different way of behavior that will help them move forward. It is a belief system that many have adopted and made work for them. I think that counseling has to take into consideration a client’s belief system and the fact that it will not necessarily be the same as that of the counselor. In fact, the counselor may be opposed to the client’s belief system and/or lifestyle, but they may need to have a way of dealing with it anyway or to refer the client to someone else. As a counselor who is a scholar-practitioner, I believe that it is important to continue to read in my field after I leave college and to interact with other scholar-practitioners. I do not believe that we can work in a vacuum and sometimes, realistically, many of us tend to get a degree and then work in an agency for many years without more development. I believe it is important to understand the stressors that people are dealing with on a day to day basis, and to study those areas that we are going to work with clients in. As an example, the world is seeing major stress related to PTSD coming from the war. Because of this, a scholar practitioner is going to need to understand PTSD and the types of things that work well with

What Is The Mckinseys 7s Model Commerce Essay

What Is The Mckinseys 7s Model Commerce Essay The McKinseys 7S Model was created by the consulting company McKinsey and Company in the early 1980s and subsequently has become the de facto standard used by practitioners and academics alike in analysing the performance of an organization. (Pascale Athos, 1981; Peters Waterman, 1982). There are seven variables in the model which include structure, strategy, systems, skills, style, staff and shared values. All beginning with s, justifying why it was termed as the 7S model. This treatise evaluates each of the seven components of the model and the links between them with respect to the Big I of Enterprise Integration using a case study approach. The model is as shown in figure 1 above, showing the interdependency of the variables. This is illustrated by the model also being termed as the Managerial Molecule. It was found that several organisations using the model pay more attention to those variables they consider changeable (e.g. structure, strategy and systems) rather than the other variables (e.g. skills, style, staff and shared values) considered to be soft variables. For long-term benefit, they feel that the variables should be changed to become more congruent as a system. Description of 7 Ss Strategy: Strategy is the plan of action an organisation prepares in response to, or anticipation of, changes in its external environment. Strategy is thought-out, well-structured and often practically rehearsed and is differentiated from tactics or operational actions. It sought to answer three questions; where the organisation is at this moment in time, where the organisation wants to be in a particular length of time and how to get there( ). Thus, strategy is designed to transform the firm from the present position to the new position described by objectives, subject to constraints of the capabilities or the potential (Ansoff, 1965). Structure: Business needs to be organised in a specific form of shape that is generally referred to as organisational structure. Organisations are structured in a variety of ways, dependent on their objectives and culture. The structure of the company often dictates the way it operates and performs (Waterman et al., 1980). Traditionally, the businesses have been structured in a hierarchical way with several divisions and departments, each responsible for a specific task such as human resources management, production or marketing. Many layers of management controlled the operations, with each answerable to the upper layer of management. Although this is still the most widely used organisational structure, the recent trend is increasingly towards a flat structure where the work is done in teams of specialists rather than fixed departments. The idea is to make the organisation more flexible and devolve the power by empowering the employees and eliminate the middle management layers (Boy le, 2007). Systems: This refers to some systems or internal processes to support and implement the strategy and run day-to-day affairs. Different systems exist in companies for procurement, recruitment, promotion and so on. The traditional approach is bureaucratic which are intended to achieve maximum effectiveness but however creating bottle neck. The emerging trends in organisations are to simplify and modernize organizational processes by innovation and use of new technology to quicken decision-making process, especially those involving customers with the intention to make the processes that involve customers more user friendly(Lynch, 2005). Style/Culture: refers to distinct culture and management style in organizations. It generally includes the dominant values, beliefs and norms which develop over time and become relatively peculiar to the organisation. It consists of the way companys top management interact the employees. Traditional approach has been largely military style of management and culture where strict adherence to top-down management, concentrating power at the centre, thereby creating bottlenecks which invariably leads to time wastage and ineffienciecy. Recent efforts have sought to change culture to a more open, innovative and friendly environment with fewer hierarchies and smaller chain of command. Culture remains an important consideration in the implementation of any strategy in the organisation (Martins and Terblanche, 2003). Staff: Organisations are made up of humans and its the people who make the real difference to the success of the organisation in the increasingly knowledge-based society (). The importance of human resources has thus got the central position in the strategy of the organisation, away from the traditional model of capital and land. In order to ensure quality staff, organisations put considerable efforts into hiring the best staff, providing them with rigorous training and mentoring support, and pushing their staff to limits in achieving professional excellence, and this forms the basis of these organisations strategy and competitive advantage over their competitors (). It is also important for the organisation to instil confidence among the employees about their future in the organisation and future career growth as an incentive for hard work (Purcell and Boxal, 2003). Shared Values/Superordinate Goals: All members of the organisation share some common fundamental ideas or guiding concepts around which the business is built. This may be to make money or to achieve excellence in a particular field. These values and common goals keep the employees working towards a common destination as a coherent team and are important to keep the team spirit alive. The organisations with weak values and common goals often find their employees following their own personal goals that may be different or even in conflict with those of the organisation or their fellow colleagues (Martins and Terblanche, 2003). CASE STUDY Rescuing Troubled Software Projects by Team Transformation: A Case Study with an ERP Project, Kim Man Lui and Keith C. C. Chan Strategy. This companys direction and scope over the long term is to be market-leading international beverage brand. This is one of the main motivations necessitating SAP R/3, an ERP system to replace the existing IBM A/S400 owing to growing competitions. Structure. The hierarchical team structure is adopted though a change in the composition and communication flow was effected to ensure success of project team. Functional areas of expertise was key to inclusion in the project team. Systems. In the case study, Accelerated SAP (ASAP) was adopted to implement the new ERP system. ASAP is comprised of five phases. The phases are project preparation, Business blueprint, realization, final preparation and Go Live and support. Skills. There are some issues in the staffing and learning process of the staff in the company. There are some weakness in the staffing and there is no clear cut way of training and assessing the competence of an individual staff in the project team. There is lack of adequate knowledge in the staff included for implementation of the project. The two programmers in the project team are not well experienced in ASAP. Shared values. The core value and belief of this organization is to become the leading international beverage brand. This is the motivation behind the approaches and efforts of all staff involved with the project. Staff. Staffing and training has not been properly developed. Obviously, inclusion of inexperienced programmers is a pointer to the shortcoming. This would definitely impact the success of the enterprise integration project. Style. There is a sign of leadership maturity in the company. The company was rescued majorly because there was a transformation of the team. In spite of the fact that there were a number of issues as mentioned above, the approach adopted to rescue the team was to transforming the project team.

Borders and Walls in Humanity :: History Barriers Society Philosophy Essays

Borders and Walls in Humanity When a wall is encountered literally and physically, there are many different ways in which a person can react to the situation. One group of people would generally just find a way over or around the obstacle. While some other people might pursue a way directly through the wall. Both have their advantages and disadvantages, but they both exist as outcomes to the same dilemma. The basic wall has been around with humans for as long as the discovery of masonry has been around. Robert Frost’s poem Mending Wall is one such example of how a wall can have conflicting properties of human interaction. The neighbor in the poem says that â€Å"fences make good neighbors† and that the two neighbors involved with the wall rebuild it each spring and they enjoy fixing the wall with each other. The poem just helps illustrate that walls are an important factor in human activities. Walls are not limited to any specific culture or region and still they continue to be built over t ime. Yet the general application of the wall has been used primarily to either wall something out, or to keep something walled in. The earliest walls were made with a human skill called stone masonry which is the skilled stacking of stones to form a cohesive structure. Walls as just a singular structure and not to be considered as part of an enclosed building with a roof, is a general subject that changes details from area to area. Walls the keep things in have generally been used as a way to border up local activities within a certain amount of space. Some more obvious examples of walls as barriers to keep things within the walls include; prisons, walled-in private communities, farm fences, and other examples where people want to maintain their own private space. Walls that can do the exact opposite of keeping substance inside are meant to be obstructions that keep other things outside from a space. National and private borders are an example of walling out unwanted factors . Security fences, walls as defensive locations, and walls simply placed for the sole purpose of obstruction are effective obstacles that humans have been building for centuries. Early building materials for a wall would be limited to the natural resources in the local area that the builders would want to build the wall in.

Seylan Problem in Sri Lanka

Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage Search Home Local Stories Stories Go Sign In Join NowPublic Truemors Sports Strange Internet Layoffs Google Help World Newsroom Culture Apple Forum Member Ranking Tech & Biz Health Drupal Tools Style Gadgets Environment Featured Tags: Automakers Tech & Biz Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka Online FX Trading World's best user friendly software Join Our Newsletter for Offers www. sevenstarfx. com by Sri Lanka Army news | December 29, 2008 at 11:26 am Share: Get Published! Tell me how to get publishedSri Lanka Army news Colombo, Western, Sri Lanka 9633 views | 6 Recommendations | 47 comments Author 47 See Sri Lanka Army news' recent stories Photos There is no danger in dealing with the regulated financial sector and Central Bank have taken several steps to build confidence in Seylan Bank by bringing it under Bank of said. Ceylon, Central Bank Governor Ajith Cabraal NowPublic on Facebook Login He further said â€Å"We assure you that they can continue transactions without any danger. † According to the CSE Seylan Share Prices NowPublic on FacebookLike Confirm You like Page  · In You like Page  · In increased by 33%. Normal share prices was 20. 50 Rs and now it is 27. 00 Rs. Sri Lanka's stock market (CSE) investors have already given a shares surged LBO said yesterday. NowPublic The rain will have already washed the chalk away. Friday at 5:24pm ArtWalk Riot: Police vs Protesters over Sidewalk Chalk (Video) | NowPublic News Coverage 5,914 people like NowPublic. 5,913 people like NowPublic. thumbs-up to the regulatory action, and Seylan Yesterday 30th Decmber 2008 Central Bank appointed Mr.E Narangoda as the new Gunawardene as the new Board of Directors. Chairman of the Seylan Bank and Mr. Nihal Jayamanna,Mr. Lalith Vithana and Mr. Niyomal Seylan Bank PLC is a privately owned commercial bank in Sri Lanka brought under Bank of Ceylon (BOC) control since Yesterday 29th December 2008 by order of Central Bank Monetary board. This was taken place under Section 30(1) of the Monetary Law Act No. 58 placing it among the top 500 Banks in Asia for the past 08 consecutive years. The Bank over Central Bank of Sri Lanka. of 1949.Seylan Bank is the Sri Lanka's 2nd largest private commercial bank with Asiaweek saddled with bad debt that threatened to destabilize Sri Lanka's financial system was taken Facebook social plugin Meanwhile The Monetary Board of the Central Bank wishes to inform the public that they should continue with their normal financial transactions with Seylan Bank PLC and that the Monetary Board assures the public of the safety of deposits and the stability of the financial system. What is NowPublic? NowPublic lets people work together to cover news events around the world. ttp://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lanka[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM] Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage The Central Bank appointed the government-owned Bank of Cey lon to continue business operations at the troubled Seylan Bank and removed its board of directors. The decision Central Bank said. was made because of increased deposit withdrawals and suspected liquidity problems, the Find out more â€Å"The difficulties of Seylan Bank PLC presented a potential danger to the stability of the financial system,† the statement said.Deshamanya Lalith Kotelawala, chairman of Ceylinco Group said last week he would sell his shares to repay investors in failed Golden Key Credit Card Company. Both Seylan Bank and would divest or what amount he is expecting to raise from selling his shares. Golden Key are subsidiaries of Ceylinco Group. Kotalawela did not say how much shares he Recommend this story Most Recommended Comment Comment on this story I think the media has made this a big issue .. All i can say is our Bank is†¦ Crowd Power An Employee (not verified) But the bank's CEO Ajitha Pasqual was quoted in a newspaper saying â€Å"it could be 2 3-25 percent or even more. Seylan Bank trouble started as Golden Key Credit Card Company, an unregulated firm in the Ceylinco group got into trouble as the Golden Key Credit Card Company was unable to repay its customers due to its financial instability. People who were dealing with the bank worried about the financial status of the Seylan bank following the problem with some of the financial institutions in Ceylinco group. The Central Bank said it was â€Å"discontinuing the services† of the board of Seylan Bank but retaining the current chief executive officer and employees.First Flagged at 10:46 PM, Dec 29, 2008 by Sanjay Jha These members have powered this story: Sri Lanka Army news Colombo, Western, Sri Lanka In its press release on the latest development the Seylan Bank said, â€Å"what is intended for sale are not the assets of the Seylan Bank, investments made by the bank or any shares owned by Seylan Bank. Further we wish to inform that Seylan Bank will not use the depositors’ funds to meet the obligations to Golden Key Credit card holders. † Related Stories What have the LTTE's NGO/INGO friends being doing in Sri Lanka?†¦ y chanaka The collapse of the Golden Key Company and the Problem of Seylan Bank was the first sign of international financial woes hitting the economy and Financial System in Sri Lanka. Earlier Monetary Board of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka named 6 Person carrying on finance business without authority including Sakvithi Ranasinghe(Sakvithi House Constructions (Pvt) Ltd )and Piyadasa Ratnayake (Danduwam Mudalali). Becasuse of these things Depositors trustworthy towards Financial Institutions has been diminishing and it will lead to a big crisis.Tamil Nadu sleeps while deadly serpants breed under the pillows -†¦ by chanaka Defence Website Blasts â€Å"Bbc Sinhala Service† by chanaka Deshamanya Dr. Lalith Kotalawala is the Chairman of Ceylinco Group which includes more than 100 companies was born to a rich family and his uncle Sir John Kotalawala the third prime minister of Sri Lanka. Deshamanya Dr Lalith Kotelawala stepped into The Finance Company's Chief Executiveship in the 1960's, and its dynamic transformation under his stewardship, established his credentials as one of the country's leading businessmen.His thirst for greater challenges spurred him on to diversifying into a variety of other businesses. He was Sri Lankan only businessman who had long vision about Sri Lanan Poverty crisis. Ceylinco Gramine Credit Company for the upliftment of families from the bottom up, the poorest of the poor also floated Ceylinco Agricultural Credit Company for agricultural sector assistance. He started even a banking institution to liberate poors from poverty, started a scheme to give seed capital to unemployed graduates who have no access to capital and who have no security to start own businesses.When Tsunami hit Sri Lanka Ceylinco Group helped in many ways for Tsunami victims to st art a new life also all insurance claims although none of them were covered for Tsunami could gain claims. Ceylinco Group is the leading contributor to the society and meet social responsibilities than any other throughout past 60 years. The gender gap in the world today. by gerrypopplestone Luang Prabang – A Place where Heaven meets Earth by forextrade Recommendations (6) Most recently recommended by: sathyajith Germany Hiranya Malwatta Moratuwa, Western, Sri Lanka Anonymous users (2)Seylan Bank PLC is a privately owned commercial bank in Sri Lanka, which is owned by the of Sri Lanka. Seylan Bank was incorporated in 28th August 1987 as a Public Limited Liability Company. corporate giant Ceylinco Consolidated. It has branches both in urban as well as rural areas Track this Story email story to a friend Seylan Bank established its first subsidiary, Seylan Merchant Bank Limited, in 1992. A second subsidiary, Ceylinco Seylan Developments Limited, was also established in 1992, ht tp://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lanka[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM]Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage primarily for the purpose of constructing the Bank's head office building, Ceylinco Seylan Towers. Seylan bank had 114 banking centres island wide with 3900 staff members in 2007. Special Thanks :The Associated Press LankaeNews and TNS Cyber. Alwis Reporting from Colombo Related Topics Bank of America Checking Account Free Checking CD Rates Bill Pay Certificate of Deposit Advertisement 5 0 See all footage | View Slideshow Share: email story | add to any | | facebook | stumbleuponSanjay Jha flagged this story as Eyewitness Report at 22:46 on December 29th, 2008 This is an eyewitness report from the NowPublic member Sri Lanka Army news who is in Sri Lanka reporting about this story from the on the ground. Comments (47) recommend Most Recent Most Recommended This comment thread is now closed 3 3 An Employee (not verified) at 22:25 on December 2 9th, 2008 I think the media has made this a big issue .. All i can say is our Bank is stable . But if the media keep on saying things like this definitly the customers will widthdrw their deposits . nd coz of that the bank will collapse .. We love our bank ! Long Live Seylan !! http://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lanka[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM] Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage 1 1 Parakrama (not verified) at 07:43 on December 31st, 2008 An illegal detention camp that Ceylinco boss Lalith Kotalawala allegedly ran under a cover of a children`s home is now under investigation. According to the Sinhala weekly Lanka the Wattala Magistrate last week ordered that eight children in this camp be handed back to their relatives.This follows a probe that the Child Protection Authority conducted on a in this camp without in any legal basis. CPA police officer Wijesinghe Vithana conducted the inquiries. Two weeks ago, unknown persons had thrown excrem ent into Lalith interview where he praised the LTTE as genuine freedom fighters. complaint made by the Venerable Elle Gunawansa. The CPA which raided this detention camp found that tsunami orphans from the South were kept Kotalawala`s Ceylinco Insurance (Kantalay Branch) following his Gulf News Demonstrations were held in several areas against his statements on the Tigers.Ceylinco Group employees have found themselves in an embarrassing situation as a result. The company`s top executives say that this could adversely affect its business 2 2 47 Sri Lanka Army news at 23:18 on December 29th, 2008 No I think Deshamanya Lalith Kothalawala's Statement and CEO Ajitha Pasqual Statement regarding Golden Key Issue was the reason for increased deposit withdrawals from Seylan Bank. Finally Central Bank decided there may be some liquidity problems and potential danger to the stability of the financial system in Sri Lanka. 1 1 47 Sri Lanka Army news t 01:21 on December 30th, 2008 Money withdrawa ls from Seylan Bank Counters is today increased than Earlier Days. Zaviniya Dain (not verified) Dear Viewers, Our chairman Deshamanya Lalith Kotalawela is not a person like Sakvithi. Do not compare Sakvithi with Mr. Kotalawela. Seylan Bank is a bank with a heart and not allow any customer of our s to fall off. Wrongly, communicated via media gives wrong info to people and our bank customers too are withdrawing. but have Dearly loved Mr. Kotalawela any day said will not give or hidden himself for the people to be scared.As well why withdraw Central bank has given a brief statement and give the assurance to our Seylan Customers. And Mr. Kotalawela is a person who helped the needy at all times definitely seylan or his employees will not fall off. we are confident of ourself as well with our dearly loved Chairman Mr. Kothalawela So we will trouble shoot any issues which come across and build up Seylan plse do not produce bocus info dear media plzee 1 1 at 01:46 on December 30th, 2008 ht tp://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lanka[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM]Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage 1 1 Parakrama (not verified) Hi, Dear Lady, at 05:31 on January 1st, 2009 I red your letter about your Boss (Dr)I am not surprising to read that when guess what has happen with my experience and I have mentioned in my you have been well fed by working for him. I can not say any thing about Golden Key subject because I do not know what has happen really. But I can letter in another place of this column. I am sure one thing He is a â€Å"Heartless Chairman in a Bank with a Heart† He has defaulted me sum of Rs 750,000. 0 by the purchase of â€Å"Ruskin Island† and your The Finance Co. Ltd (which under his conglomerate) tried to default our legitimate commission from the sale of Property situated near Uyanwatta Lake, at Kotalawala, Piliyandala and subsiquently paid the 3% commission, Leagle Interest for three and half years, Court Charges and attorney's charges in the District Court, Colombo. If you like you can check on this and come to a final conclution about your Boss. God may Bless you! AND ONE THING THIS IS THE FIRST STEP OF THE FALL OF COGLOMARATE AND YOU WILL SEE WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN IN NEAR FUTURE! 1 Audrey Barber (not verified) at 01:52 on March 18th, 2009 Dear Zaviniya, Og dear child, you too been brain washed by the â€Å"Great Deshamanya† Too bad girl for you, please grow up and get out of that cocoon you are in. Try to to face the facts, so if these people to whom you seem to have a great crush on and sing hossana's too, where is Deshamanya charming wife. Oh dear don't tell she abandoned † Lion Heart† himself and ran away why? I am a depositor at Seylan Bank and i work overseas, and should my funds be stolen Beleive me lady â€Å"All hell will break lose†.I will certainly go on a rampage. Go tell your great Deshamanya to start repaying every stolen penny to each and every person he owes. Then you can start singing praises about him. Go tell you Golden Hearted Deshamany to start selling his assets and rectify the damage he has caused, and kinly ask him it is no use that he plays innocent.. No one beleives that crap which is actually bullshit. All businessmen are total knaving educated crooks give them a chance and they go berserk. Saminda Kodithuwakku–Employee from theDevelopement Bank (not verified) at 03:30 on December 30th, 2008 1 1Dear People, You all are getting this scene too badly. I know the situtation as a banker. No any customer will be affected by this situation becuase Dr. Kotelawala ,in this moment,has taken to compensate the depositors in Golden Key by selling his shares, not selling properties & others' shares. This is a good lession to other companies. I wish you-Seylan Bank, it will be the best bank of year 2009. Do not abosorb rumors, please search do things http://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lan ka[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM] Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage 1 K. D Uditha pushpakumara (not verified) at 05:25 on December 30th, 2008 Dearly Mr. Lalith Kotalawala. the Bank.. I wish to the Seylan Bank and We are expecting a good news from Your†s fathfull Custormer uditha. Lankan Abroad (not verified) 1 1 at 04:06 on December 31st, 2008 Did Laith K and his clan run a â€Å"PONSI SCHEAME†? Did Lalith K and his clan do a Sri Lankan â€Å"Berny Madoff(MADE-OFF)†? Should'nt Lalith K as Chairman of th Board of Directors of Golden Key be held responsible for this Scam? Is Lalith K stupid and ignorant to go public and pass the buck on to a sacrificial lamb in Khavan P?Is Lalith K again stupid and ignorant of not knowing what assets were their in Golden Key books to support the massive LKR 26 Billion deposit liability? Is Lalith K, who has a mile long list of qualifications after his name, yet again stupid and ignorant to go public and state he was not aware of what was happening at Golden Key? Is this not cheating? Why do we have legislature in Sri Lanka to prosecute persons for criminal breach of trust? Should'nt the entire Board of Directors of Golden Key be held responsible fo this heinous crime and prosecuted for criminal breach of trust?Can some sane Sri Lankan please provide answers to this question. Another Lankan abroad (not verified) at 01:57 on March 18th, 2009 1 1 I agree with your statement 100%, however, I am a bit scared as I do have an account with Seylan. I am working overseas. I do understand that BOC has now stepped in, but still could there be any possibility that Seylan will collapse any leakage with another rotten egg planted inside to swindle the poor mans funds, from beneath the BOC administration. Sugath C. (not verified) 1 1 at 13:54 on December 31st, 2008As to my knowledge any individual or group of companies can own only15 percent of total shares of licenced commercial bank. How can Ceylinco group bypass that legislation? According to the SL press they own around 48percent of Seylan bank shares. How was it possible Parakrama (not verified) 1 1 at 05:14 on January 1st, 2009 Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table. MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:†Table Normal†; http://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lanka[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM] Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage so-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; fontsize:10. 0pt; font-family:†Times New Roman†; mso-ansi-language:#0400; msofareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} A Philanthropist, one of the richest man in the Country, and a patriot of the a goat skin. mso-style-parent:†Ã¢â‚¬ ; mso-padding-alt:0in 5. 4pt 0in 5. 4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; country, Saviour of the nation! But v ery few people know he is a wolf covered with This is to reveal himself, who he is, to the people who do not know the truth.The two incidences explain his indecency, and ungrateful attitude to the poor people. Me, the writer of this article has been played out by so called â€Å"DESHAMANYA† in two different times. I am the Real Estate Broker who promote the selling of property â€Å"Ruskin Island at Bolgoda Lake, Moratuwa. One fine day I met â€Å"DESHAMANYA† at his office at Fort (in front of Hotel Continental) 3rd floor after a greatest difficulty and waiting in the list for one full month. And I submit the necessary site plan of â€Å"Ruskin Island† and other relevant details to consider of purchase.And we had a nice chat and he was kind enough to receive me in his office for a period of 15 minutes. One month after he sent me a letter saying that he has consulted in Managers and this island is suitable for a Hotel Project and therefore he is not interested i n purchasing this property, which price has marked as one million Dollars (Equal to Rs 50 Million according to the foreign exchange rate at that time) After some times I heard the â€Å"Ruskin Island† has been sold and I made my investigation and found Our â€Å"DESHAMANYA† has bought for Rs. 25 Million from the seller.Normally it is not in practice in Sri Lanka to provide a whole list of customers who have been introduces any property. Specially someone issue a letter and mentioned that he is not interested and we would not submit his name or an identity to the owners of the respective property. Knowing all the factors I wrote a letter to So called â€Å"DESHAMANYA† and pleaded to looking to this matter and asked him to compensate my legitimate commission 3% which I could not claim from the seller’s due to the hidden transaction initiated by â€Å"DESHAMANY â€Å" and the seller.Now â€Å"so called â€Å"DESHAMANYA† should have inform me in tim e since I was the respective introducer to claim the commission which he never did it. When I inform him, his inability of informing me that I have to incurred a loss of Rs. 750,000. 00 and emphasize the his negligence of ethics of business, he sent me a reply saying that he has conclude the transaction with the sellers directly and since my name has not come up during the transaction and discussions he could not do any thing and he denied to pay anything or stated that he has finished the transaction and nothing can be done for this.Normally when his company buy a property they pay 1% of the total value. He didn’t let me receive my legitimate commission from the seller or even 1% which his company pays once they buy a property. And he was not kind enough to identify my efforts of selling the property and he left me on the lurch by transacting secretly. When I demand money his Attorney has send me a threatening letter saying that they will go to the law of court against me if I bother â€Å"DESHAMANYA† any more. That is how he conducts real estate business with brokers. Second incident was a Court Case.I was working with a friend of mine called Mr. Adhikari from Athurugiriya and one of my clients wanted a property in a water front location around Cololmbo. One day there was an advertisement in the news paper and state a availability of property facing â€Å"Uyanwaththa Lake† @ Kotalawala Piliyandala. I spoke to the http://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lanka[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM] Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage advertiser (The Finance Co. , Ltd) and found the location went there and discussed about the terms & conditions.They promised us and to pay 3% of the total sale value and we offered My client Mr. Ishara Nanayakkara and he liked the place and wanted to purchase. The Company gave me a promising letter to pay 3% and I introduced Mr. Nanayakkara as purchaser. After that negotiations were going on and all over suddenly the transaction concluded secretly and sold it for Rs. 21 pay 3% commission , Interest for 3 ? years, Court charges and Attorney’s three and half years to get a verdict and we won the case and Company had to Million and neglected to pay our commission and we went to courts. And it took charges respectively in District Court.NOW YOU WILL REALISE WHO IS SO CALLED DESHAMANYA AND HIS CONGLOMARATE AND HOW THEY MINTING MONY BY DEFAULTING POOR PEOPLE. THIS IS ONLY TWO INCIDENTS AND THRERE ARE KEEP IT UNDISCLOSE! INVAIN POOR PEOPLE!! Ramani Viswanath (not verified) at 06:53 on January 1st, 2009 THOUSANDS DEFAULTS WHICH HAS NOT COME FORWARD AND MOST OF VICTIMS 1 1 First of all, the Finance Director of Golden Key Group to be punished. He is running a collage (Vidhura Collage) and his friends and relatives running independent companies under Golden Key Group (Udaya Dharshana Rajapakse Chief Operating Officer – Golden Key Consumer Products Ltd, Mr.Bi mal Mudalige – Ceylinco Consumer Electronics). Obviously, finance for all these companies were diverted from investor funds of Golden Key Credit Card. Government should immediately attach properties of Mr. Saradha Sumanasekara, the Finance Director of Golden Key and put him behind bar for fraud. Manohar Arasu (not verified) at 08:06 on January 1st, 2009 1 1 There were lot of depositors funds diverted to several companies run by Finance Director. These companies were incorporated just to give employment to Finance Directors friends and relatives.Executives of these companies travel overseas extensively only to claim US$250 per day. Some of the employees (with â€Å"O† level education) visit China,Singapore,Bangladesh and Australia to claim overseas allowances. Absolutely, there were no control of mis-use of money in Golden Key. My close relative is employed with Golden Key and these inside information is available since very long. The government should immediately attac h properties of all the Directors of Golden Key and the business run by them. It is also known to everybody that Finance Director of Golden Key is running a collage called Vidura Collage. enganath (not verified) 1 1 at 03:09 on January 26th, 2009 you are the one who was thrown out of GK, due to fraud, so no point talking 1 1 Ajith Gunawardena (not verified) at 06:31 on January 2nd, 2009 The Finance Director of Golden Key is reachable at the below address for any information with regard to position of depositors money. Mr. Saradha Sumanasekara-Group Financial Director, Home Adderss:924/15A,Udawththa Road, Malabe. Mobile: 072-2251504 Office Address: The Golden Key Credit Card Company Limited Ceylinco Centre, 2 R. A. De Mel Mawatha, Colombo – 04. Sri Lanka.Tel : +94 74 523700 / +94 1 2591748 Fax : +94 1 2502424 / +94 74 519721 E-mail: [email  protected] co. uk [email  protected] com He is alsos contactable at ; http://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lank a[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM] Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage 22, Kirimandala Mawatha, Nawala, Rajagiriya. Sri Lanka. 011 2 866 238 Telephone 011 4 404 260 Fax 011 2 871 861 1 1 Manohar Arasu (not verified) at 12:11 on January 2nd, 2009 Why not government attach properties of Mr. Khavan Perera and Saradha Sumanasekara, the main culprits in the scam ?These two high flying executives must have diverted funds to their friends and relatives. It is appeard in print government should put them behind bar without bail. Nobert Appuhami (not verified) at 19:08 on January 2nd, 2009 media couple of days back 150 Million rupee is credited to one of the female staff of Golden Key working under the Finance Director ! This is the high time 1 1 There is talk going on within Golden Key that Group Finance Director of Golden Key invested heavily in real estate and purchased an independent villa in Italy where his sister is living. He also own Vidura College and overnment should inv estigte where all the investor funds has gone. Kumar Wickramasinghe (not verified) at 20:50 on January 2nd, 2009 1 1 Ceylinco Consumer Electronics and Golden Key Consumer Products are companies under Golden Key Group headed by close friends of Golden Key Group Finance Director. It is an open truth that the Group Finance Director mis-used investor funds and even running a college (Vidura College). Ano (not verified) 1 1 at 01:43 on January 4th, 2009 Please be kind enough to pay atleast some kind of amount to large depositers too . since they have deposit all their money trusting you Mr.Kothalawala. I sold my house and depositted all my money in your company. Please help us to live†¦. 007 bond (not verified) 1 1 at 05:33 on January 8th, 2009 if you have invested with seylan think twice before you make a decision. What we have heard is that Mr Kotalawala has pumped out a huge sum of public funds in the recent past mainly to singapore and also to fund group companies. Also he has a pproved massive loans to group companies from the bank. If the repayment of those loans fall into arrears , god knows what will happen to the depositors. piyadasa boy (not verified) 1 1 at 05:45 on January 8th, 2009 hamunge salli thamunta watinawanam karunakara deparak hithanne nethuwa fitch ratings top Commercial hari HNB hari bank ekakata ikmanatama maaru karaganna. Pramadaya pasutheweemat mulaki. Keeping your funds @ Seylan Bank @ this moment is like eating Curd with a Razor blade !! Truly kalinga silva (not verified) 1 1 at 17:53 on January 8th, 2009 you are right piyadasa boy. I will withdraw all my funds today. Also i will update my friends as well. Thanks for the information. http://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lanka[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM] Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage 1 Mrs weerakoon (not verified) at 18:02 on January 8th, 2009 when i went to seylan bank to withdraw my deposits, the lady who was handling deposits asked me à ¢â‚¬Ëœ ai salli ganne ? Bankuwa weten ne ! Bayadha bankuwa wetei words might work. But rather than worrying about a bank i have other work to attend. Its my money after all i have the power to do what ever i want from it. Who knows whether Seylan would end up like Golden key ? PQR (not verified) kiyala ? Central bank eka kiyala thiyanawane weten ne kiyala ! Well for some these 1 1 at 01:06 on January 11th, 2009 May God help all those who are been affected !!!! a s sampath (not verified) 1 1 at 23:46 on January 15th, 2009 tha was a big problem in srilanka 2 2 47 Sri Lanka Army news at 01:45 on January 16th, 2009 Ceylinco Chairman Lalith Kotelawala and the Golden Key Credit card company board members were today named â€Å"suspects† by the Mount Lavinia Magistrate courts in the credit card scam and ordered to give statements to the CID on January 20. 2 2 Appuhamy (not verified) at 21:51 on January 21st, 2009 I understand that majority of Golden Key depositor funds are shared be tween Khavan Perera and Saradha Sumanasekara (Golden Key Finance Director).It is learnt that lot of money has already taken out of Sri Lanka. Government should atleast now attach the properties of these people including Vidura College where Saradha put several million rupeese and he is the finance director so that the poor investors will not suffer. 007 Bond (not verified) 1 1 at 00:01 on January 23rd, 2009 Seylan bank has to spend millions for month to maintain their top management ( Gm,Sdgms, Agms ) even BOC or PB does not have this much of top managers. At this juncture i suggest to minimize any unwanted wastage bank funds since it too will effect banks current position. 2 next †º last  » This story was created over 3 months ago, the comment thread is now closed. in Sri Lanka, Tech & Biz, quot Sri lanka Colombo, seylan_bank_trouble, seylan_bank_problem, central_bank_sri_lanka, bank_of_ceylon_and_seylan Contact Blog FAQ Media Inquiries Examiner. com Copyright Privacy Terms of Use Code of Conduct Jobs http://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lanka[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM] Seylan Bank Problem in Sri Lanka | NowPublic News Coverage http://www. nowpublic. com/tech-biz/seylan-bank-problem-sri-lanka[7/16/2012 6:21:38 PM]

The Complete List of High School Classes

The Complete List of High School Classes SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you wondering which classes to take in high school? Do you want to find out what courses may be offered for each subject? We’ve compiled a complete list of high school classes for you to see all the possible course options high school students may have. We'll cover everything from science and math to electives and the humanities. How to Use This List This list was created by researching the classes offered at numerous high schools, both public and private, across the country. Classes are alphabetically organized by subject. While there is a separate section for AP classes at the bottom of the list, other varying levels of difficulty for the same class, such as "honors" or "introductory", were not included in order to make reading the list easier. This list’s purpose is to show you all the possible class options you may have as a high school student. You can use it as a starting point for doing a more in-depth study of your own school’s course offerings. Read through the list below, making note of any courses that you may want to take in the future, then look to see if your school offers them. To find out which classes your own high school offers, look through your school’s course catalog, check the school website, or speak with your academic adviser. What If Your School Doesn’t Offer One of the Classes Listed Below? It would be impossible for any single school to offer every course in this list; there are simply too many. Schools decide which classes to offer based on multiple factors, including student interest, school location, and teacher expertise. If you are interested in one of the courses listed below but don’t see it offered in your school’s course catalog, first talk to your guidance counselor or the department head. Your school may, in fact, offer the course, but under a different name. If there is no comparable course and you are really interested in the subject, you may be able to do an independent study or take the course at a local community college for credit. Ask your guidance counselor for more information on pursuing this option. Complete List of High School Classes Business Accounting Business law Business management Consumer education Entrepreneurial skills Introduction to business Marketing Personal finance Computer Science/Information Technology Animation App development Audio production Computer programming Computer repair Film production Graphic design Media technology Music production Typing Video game development Web design Web programming Word processing English American literature British literature Contemporary literature Creative writing Communication skills Debate English language and composition English literature and composition Humanities Journalism Literary analysis Modern literature Poetry Popular literature Rhetoric Technical writing Works of Shakespeare World literature Written and oral communication Family and Consumer Science Chemistry of foods CPR training Culinary arts Early childhood development Early childhood education Family studies Fashion and retail merchandising Fashion construction Home economics Interior design Nutrition Foreign Language American Sign Language Ancient Greek Arabic Chinese French German Hebrew Italian Japanese Korean Latin Portuguese Russian Spanish Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Math Algebra 1 Algebra 2 Calculus Computer math Consumer math Fundamentals of math Geometry Integrated math Math applications Multivariable calculus Practical math Pre-algebra Pre-calculus Probability Quantitative literacy Statistics Trigonometry Performing Arts Choir Concert band Dance Drama Guitar Jazz band Marching band Music theory Orchestra Percussion Piano Theater technology World music Physical Education Aerobics Dance Gymnastics Health Lifeguard training Pilates Racket sports Specialized sports Swimming Weight training Yoga Science Agriculture Astronomy Biology Botany Chemistry Earth science Electronics Environmental science Environmental studies Forensic science Geology Marine biology Oceanography Physical science Physics Zoology Social Studies Cultural anthropology Current events European history Geography Global studies Human geography International relations Law Macroeconomics Microeconomics Modern world studies Physical anthropology Political studies Psychology Religious studies Sociology US government US history Women’s studies World history World politics World religions Visual Arts 3-D art Art history Ceramics Digital media Drawing Film production Jewelry design Painting Photography Printmaking Sculpture Vocational Education Auto body repair Auto mechanics Building construction Computer-aided drafting Cosmetology Criminal justice Driver education Electronics FFA (Future Farmers of America) Fire science Heating and cooling systems Hospitality and tourism JROTC (Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps) Metalworking Networking Plumbing Production technology Refrigeration fundamentals Robotics Woodworking Advanced Placement Classes AP Capstones AP Research AP Seminar Arts AP Art history AP Music theory AP Studio art: 2-D design AP Studio art: 3-D design AP Studio art: drawing English AP English Language and Composition AP English Literature and Composition History Social Science AP Comparative government and politics AP European history AP Human Geography AP Macroeconomics AP Microeconomics AP Psychology AP United States Government and Politics AP United States History AP World History Math Computer Science AP Calculus AB AP Calculus BC AP Computer Science A AP Computer Science Principles AP Statistics Sciences AP Biology AP Chemistry AP Environmental Science AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based World Languages and Cultures AP Chinese Language and Culture AP French Language and Culture AP German Language and Culture AP Italian Language and Culture AP Japanese Language and Culture AP Latin AP Spanish Language and Culture AP Spanish Literature and Culture What's Next? Now that you know all the possible high school classes out there, which ones should you take? Read our guide to get expert advice on the classes you should take in high school. Wondering which classes you will need to take in order to graduate high school and get accepted into college? Check out our guide on the standard high school curriculum, as well as the classes college admissions officers are looking for. Trying to decide whether to take the ACT or the SAT? Read our guide to figure out which test will get you a better score! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Biography of Homer Plessy, Civil Rights Activist

Biography of Homer Plessy, Civil Rights Activist Homer Plessy (1862-1925) is best known as the plaintiff in the 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, in which he challenged Louisianas Separate Car Act. As the son of free people of color with mostly European ancestry, Plessy used his racially ambiguous appearance to challenge racial segregation on a Louisiana train, cementing his legacy as a civil rights activist. Fast Facts: Homer Plessy Full Name: Homà ¨re Patrice Adolphe PlessyKnown For: Civil rights activist who challenged racial segregation policies. Plaintiff in U.S. Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896Born: March 17, 1863 in New Orleans, LouisianaDied: March 1, 1925 in Metairie, LouisianaParents: Joseph Adolphe Plessy, Rosa Debergue Plessy, and Victor M. Dupart (stepfather) ï » ¿Early Years Homer Plessy was born Homà ¨re Patrice Adolphe Plessy to French-speaking parents Joseph Adolphe Plessy and Rosa Debergue Plessy. Germain Plessy, his paternal grandfather, was a white man born in Bordeaux, France, who moved to New Orleans after the Haitian Revolution in the 1790s. He and his wife, Catherine Mathieu, a free woman of color, had eight children, including Homer Plessy’s father. Joseph Adolphe Plessy died in the late 1860s when Homer was a small boy. In 1871, his mother remarried Victor M. Dupart, a U.S. Post Office clerk and shoemaker. Plessy followed in his stepfather’s footsteps, working as a shoemaker at a business called Patricio Britos during the 1880s, and he also worked in other capacities, including as an insurance agent. Outside of work, Plessy was an active member of his community. In 1887, Plessy served as vice president of the Justice, Protective, Educational, and Social Club, a New Orleans organization focused on public education reform. The following year, he married Louise Bordenave at St. Augustine Church. He was 25 and his bride was 19. The couple lived in the Tremà © neighborhood, now an important historic site for African-American and Crà ©ole culture.   At age 30, Plessy joined Comità © des Citoyens, which translates to Citizens’ Committee. The racially mixed organization advocated for civil rights, a topic that had interested Plessy since childhood, when his stepfather had been an activist involved in the 1873 Unification Movement to foster racial equality in Louisiana. When the time came for Plessy to make a sacrifice to fight injustice, he did not back away. Challenging Jim Crow The leadership of Comità © des Citoyens asked Plessy if he would be willing to challenge one of Louisianas Jim Crow laws by boarding the white section of a train car. The group wanted him to make the move to challenge the Separate Car Act, a law passed in 1890 by the Louisiana State Legislature which required blacks and whites to board â€Å"equal but separate† train cars. Article in the Daily Picayune, New Orleans, announcing the arrest of (Homer) Adolphe Plessy for violation of railway racial segregation law. The case would go to the US Supreme Court as Plessy v. Ferguson.   Public Domain / Daily Picayune, New Orleans, June 9, 1892 Louisiana’s Separate Car Act required â€Å"all railway companies carrying passengers on their trains, in this State, to provide equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races, by providing separate coaches or compartments so as to secure separate accommodations, defining the duties of the officers of such railways; directing them to assign passengers to the coaches or compartments set aside for the use of the race to which such passengers belong.† On February 4, 1892, on a first attempt to challenge the law, civil rights activist Daniel Desdunes, son of Rodolphe Desdunes, one of Comità © des Citoyens’ founders, bought a ticket for a white passenger car on a train headed out of Louisiana. The Comità © des Citoyens lawyers hoped to argue that the Separate Car Act was unconstitutional, but Desdunes’ case was ultimately dismissed because Judge John H. Ferguson said the law didn’t apply to interstate travel. Plessy v. Ferguson The Comità © des Citoyens lawyers wanted Plessy to test the law next, and they made sure to have him travel on an intrastate train. On June 7, 1892, Plessy bought a ticket on the East Louisiana Railroad and boarded a white passenger car after the conductor was told Plessy was part-black. Plessy was arrested after just 20 minutes, and his attorneys argued that his civil rights had been violated, citing both the the 13th and 14th amendments. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and the 14th includes the Equal Protection Clause, which prevents the State from denying â€Å"to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Despite this argument, both the Louisiana Supreme Court and the US Supreme Court, in the landmark 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson, ruled that Plessy’s rights had not been violated and that Louisiana was within its rights to uphold a â€Å"separate but equal† way of life for blacks and whites. To avoid jail time, Plessy paid a $25 fine, and the Comità © des Citoyens disbanded. Later Years and Legacy After his unsuccessful Supreme Court case, Homer Plessy resumed his quiet life. He had three children, sold insurance for a living, and remained an active part of his community. He died at the age 62. Unfortunately, Plessy did not live to see the impact his act of civil disobedience had on civil rights. While he lost his case, the decision was reversed by the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education. In this critical ruling, the high court concluded that â€Å"separate but equal† policies violated the rights of people of color, be it in schools or in other capacities. A decade later, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed racial segregation in public places as well as employment discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or country of origin. Plessy’s contributions to civil rights have not been forgotten. In his honor, the Louisiana House of Representatives and the New Orleans City Council established Homer Plessy Day, first observed on June 7, 2005. Four years later, Keith Plessy, the great-grandson of Homer Plessy’s first cousin, and Phoebe Ferguson, a descendant of Judge John H. Ferguson, started the Plessy Ferguson Foundation to educate the public about the historic case. That year, a marker was also placed at Press and Royal streets, where Plessy was arrested for boarding a whites-only passenger car. Sources Barnes, Robert. â€Å"Plessy and Ferguson: Descendants of a Divisive Supreme Court Decision Unite.† The Washington Post, June 5, 2011.â€Å"Plessy v. Ferguson: Who Was Plessy?† PBS.org.â€Å"A Brief History of the Evolution of the Case.† Plessy Ferguson Foundation.â€Å"1892: Homer Plessys train ride makes history in New Orleans.† The Times-Picayune, Sept. 27, 2011.